1441 



At the level of the masters degree the percentage in the four main 

 categories of training rose to 75 percent. And of the 193 FSOs Avith 

 the doctorate, 147 (76.2 percent) were in the four main categories, 

 with onJj' one FSO holding the doctorate in each of the fields of 

 agriculture and biological sciences, and two in the ph} sicai sciences."^ 



TABLE 8.— FSOs BY EDUCATIONAL MAJOR ' 



Educational major Number Percent 



Accounting _ 



Business administration... 



Economics 



Education ^ 



Engineering 



English 



History... 



Humanities 



International relations... 



Language _ 



Law.. 



Physical sciences 



Political science 



Public administration 



Social sciences 



Miscellaneous 2 



Not designated 



Total 3,670 100.0 



1 Source: John E. Harr, "The Anatomy of the Foreign Service: A Statistical Profile," Foreign Affairs Personnel Study 

 No. 4 (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1965), p. 14. 



2 Includes advertising, agriculture, biological sciences, geography, home economics, industrial relations/labor, interna- 

 tional trade, mathematics, medicine, liberal arts. 



THE SPECIALIST-GENERALIST ISSUE 



Related to this subject is an issue that has perenniallj^ troubled the 

 Foreign Service. It is the question of specialist versus generalist. The 

 traditional attitude of the Foreign Service toward the specialist is 

 illustrated by the testimony of George F. Kennan, former Director of 

 the Policy Planning Staff and U.S. Ambassador to the U.S.S.R., in 

 1964. He said: "I think the Service should not include people who, 

 while they may be technical experts in some specific field, lack the 

 broader background of education and character necessary for foreign 

 service work generall3\" ^'^ 



Mr. Kennan's view appears to be reflected in the career histories of 

 FSOs generally. A 1965 study of this subject found that specialists in 

 the Service rose in rank more slowl^^ than did generalists; according 

 to this stud}^: 



TABLE 9.— AVERAGE AGE BY GRADE OF SPECIALISTS AND GENERALISTS, JUNE 30, 1962 



"Those who enter [the Foreign Service] by the examination route, 

 become generalists, and ultimately link political w^ork with an area 



"5 John E. Harr, The Anatomy of the Foreign Service— A Statistical Profile, Foreign Affairs Personnel Study 

 No. 4 (New York: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1965), pp. 14-16. 



'"' U.S. Congress, Senate, Committee on Government Operations, National Policy Machinery Sub- 

 committee, Organizing for National Security, vol. 1, Heanngs, 87th Cong., 1st sess., 1961, p. 805. 



