1452 



our national policy from those which form our foreign policy." He 

 quoted from an earlier address he had made as president of the 

 American Association for the Advancement of Science: "A national 

 science policy is needed for a wise and rational distribution of scientific 

 activities, so that space, defense, education, atomic energy, oceanogra- 

 phy, and medical research are not bidding against each other for limited 

 available support." However, he took exception to Dr. Carter's 

 expressed concern that the Department of State was not a "major 

 recipient" of research funds, because in his view the Department was 

 "not an operating agency in science, but rather a coordinating and 

 assessing agency." He said: 



Our modest program in science coverage in the Department of State is directed 

 primarily toward the policy influence of scientific developments. We expect the 

 major needs of American industry and applied governmental agencies to be met 

 by specialists from these areas, or supported by these areas and coordinated 

 through the science attach^ of the Embassy in accordance with the coordinating 

 function which the President has directed to be exercised by our Ambassadors. 

 The coordination authority which the Department has in respect to foreign 

 science programs of U.S. agencies abroad can provide a useful means of directing 

 such activities in the support of our foreign policy and the flow of scientific 

 information. 



Dr. Erode asserted that "It must be obvious that there is an im- 

 portant place for science in our foreign policy planning." Nevertheless 

 his view of the requirements of the Department to provide this 

 function was not expansive: "Relatively speaking, our needs are 

 modest and our entire program for a number of years to come would 

 not envisage, with our present responsibilities, more than 25 scien- 

 tists. As science grows in importance it may well follow that our 

 science program in the Department may expand in area and 

 subjectwise." ^^^ 



Although the importance for American diplomacy of science and 

 technology was abundantly documented by the SRI study and 

 confirmed by Dr. Brode's testimony, no congressional action was 

 taken in view of the Department's apparent satisfaction with the 

 status quo. 



EARLY CONGRESSIONAL LOOK AT ORGANIZATION FOR INTERNATIONAL 



SCIENCE POLICY COORDINATION 



An expression of interest came November 9, 1962, from the House 

 Committee on Science and Astronautics (changed to Science and 

 Technology, effective January 1975). The committee reviewed, in a 

 very brief (6 page) staff study, the need for "coordination of foreign 

 scientific policy," traced the evolution of the scientific attache pro- 

 gram and SCI, and proposed that the committee "within the limits 

 of its jurisdiction, periodically review the coordination of national 

 scientific and technological policies and programs with respect not 

 only to such matters as effectiveness, adequacy, and cost," but to such 

 questions as the following: 



How can the United States best incorporate scientific and technological factors 

 in making its national decisions, including foreign policy? 



Under what circumstances does international scientific and technological 

 cooperation serve the national interest? 



>M Ibid., pp. 7-14. 



