1463 



institutions to deal with it. ThroughQut his testimony he offered 

 many useful comments relevant to this study. For example : 



Virtually every important field of human endeavor is now the subject of a 

 cooperative, and, by and large, constructive, examination on an international 

 scale, (p. 370) 



The number of our critical national needs which can only be met through inter- 

 national action and cooperation is continuing to grow. (p. 370) 



Let me stress that I am not saying these problems are made easier by coopera- 

 tion between nations. I am sajing that there is — literally — no other way to solve 

 them. (p. 370) 



By definition, these activities cut across the responsibilities of many agencies of 

 government and of our civil life. We have dope remarkably well in dealing with 

 manj- of the problems, considering the jerry-Huilt machinery we are using. But 

 we cannot, in the future, leave the solution of these important problems to a 

 process of muddling through, (p. 370) 



I think you have found here that almost e\ery committee of the Congress has 

 some concern with some aspect of foreign affairs. Thus, I think this has been a 

 natural development and in many ways we welcome it. It complicates life, of 

 course. The more people involved, the more interests you havt to take into ac- 

 count. That obviously makes things more complicated, (pp. 372-373) ^^^ ' 



A continuing analysis, for congressional purposes, of the subject matter 

 of this hearing would seem to be an essential input to the deliberations 

 of the Congress in its foreign policy role. As Secretary Johnson made 

 clear in the hearing, the existing organization of effort in both the 

 legislative and executive branches was inappropriate to the needs of 

 coherent and integrated policjtnaking in the international sphere. 



At the conclusion of his testimony, the following colloquy occurred 

 between Secretary Johnson and Chaiiman Zablocki : 



Mr. ZAnLocKi. On page 370, you make a statement that intrigues me after 

 these sessions of hearing about the efforts of our country in international relations 

 and the many problems involved>i The first full paragraph on that page of your 

 statement refers to what the President called the new dimension of diplomacy 

 and, quoting from that paragraph, it states, ' ; ■ 



In the years to come, our Government's performance on' thej56, problems will be 

 a very lafge factor in the way our people view their Government. 



Thiis is what troubles me, your next sentence: ' 



And we are not well organised for it.^?* , . 



Why aren't we well organized for it? What rnust we do to be better organized? 



Mr. Johnson. Well, we are not organized for it because the executive and the 

 Congress historically are organized to deal with the' problems as they were pre- 

 sented for us from our early daj^s. We dealt with agriculture as agriculture, with 

 interior as interior, dealt with commerce as commerce. We were org^vnized along, 

 shall I say, functional lines and'in this new dimension of quality of life, if you will, 

 pollution, preservation of natural resources, in these areas, these areas cut across 

 these traditional functional lines and when it comes to something like energy, 

 we have the Interior Department dealing with one aspect of oil, the oil business ; 

 we have got the Federal Power Commission dealing with gas ; we have got various 

 rate commissions dealing with electricity; we have got somebody else dealing 

 with coal; we have got the Department of Transportation dealing with pollution 

 of auto engines. 



SM Hearlng-SjTnposium, House Foreign Affairs Committee, National Security Policy, August 8, 1972, 

 pp. 370, 372-373. 



«« An effort to Strengthen the House arrangements for dealing with complex interdisciplinary matters 

 was made in Hquse Resolution 988, adopted October 8, 1974, which provides in part: 



Committee Reform Amendments of 1974 • 



. Sec. 5(c) In carrjing outr paragraphs (a) and (b) with respect to any matter, the Speaker may 

 refer the matter simultaneously to two or more committees for concurrent consideration or considera- 

 tion in sequence (subject to appropriate time limitatioas in the case of any committee after the 

 first), or divide the matter into two or more parts (reflecting different subjects or jurisdictions) and 

 refer each such part to a different committee, or refer the matter to a special ad hoc committee 

 appointed by the Speaker with the approval of the House (from the members of the committees 

 having legislative jurisdiction) for the specific purpose of considering that matter and report to the 

 -House thereon, or make such other provision as may be considered appropriate. 



