907 



community. Typicallj- the U.S. Ambassador serves as honorary 

 chau-man; the USIA cultural affairs oflBcer (CAO) or public affairs 

 officer is almost always a member and sometimes executive secretary. ^^ 



Annual and long-range plans are formulated according to guidelines 

 expressed bj' the BFS in its handbook, The Policy Statements oj the 

 Board of Foreign Scholarships.^^ Program plans address: the needs and 

 interests of the respective countries; the needs and interests developed 

 by students, teachers, professors, and research scholars desiring to 

 study or teach in the respective countries; and the opportunities and 

 resources offered by the respective countries. These plans are to be 

 coordinated with related activities of other U.S. Government and 

 private programs in relation to the contributions that can be made to 

 overall country program objectives. ^° 



In effect, this means that each commission determines and recommends 

 the number of awards to be filled for that country, and specifies the 

 subject speciahzation required (such as a consultant to assess re- 

 search and development of freezing faciUties of the meat industrjO, 

 location of the visit (such as at a university or research institute), 

 duration of visit, and foreign language competence required. 



As these activities became more binational and designed to meet 

 the science, education, and science infrastructure needs of the host 

 country, Fulbright-Haj'-s openings were linked more closely to total 

 long-range country planning projects, departing from the earl}- em- 

 phasis on educational exchange in specific academic or research areas 

 compatible with the American exchangee's requirements. Tliis arrange- 

 ment, according to Young, forces scientific and technical personnel 

 to accept predetermined assignments, encourages host country 

 requirements for scholars in short supply in the United States, results 

 in vacancies which are professionally unchallenging to U.S. persorinel, 

 and generally discourages scientific and technical participation since 

 scientists are more eager to conduct research programs to serve U.S. 

 science than to provide technical assistance and training. As a con- 

 sequence, CIEP has to engage in active recruiting for candidates to 

 fill vacancies, a practice which results at times in the nomination of 

 individuals who may be unsuited for the program: 



Specializations in high demand in the less developed countries — such as medi- 

 cine, the natural sciences, and developmental economics — turned out to be in 



8« Continuing the Commitment, op. cit., p. 19 



8« Binational commissions also provide orientation and counseling to American grantees while abroad, 

 and prepare terminal reports on grantee activities and annual reports to the Board of Foreign Scholarships. 



90 U.S. Department of State, Board of Foreign Scholarships, The Policy Statements of the Board of Foreign 

 Scholarships, July 1, 1964, section 111.21 "Determination of Fields of Activity," revised 8/18/69; 



