908 



short supply in the United States and conversely fields in which the Lnited States 

 has a surplus of scholars interested in teaching abroad — such as English Litera- 

 ture, the arts and psychology — were in low demand. ... If the many American 

 scholars who applied for Europe would have been willing to serve alternatively 

 in the less developed countries and if the less developed countries would have been 

 willing to accept highly quahfied American scholars in specializations in good 

 supply there would have been, and would be now, no problem of staffing the Ful- 

 bright Program. Unfortunately it did not, and still does not, work out that way.®' 



RETRENCHMENT IN FUNDING 



l)iiring the last few years, American programs for the support of 

 nongovernmental scientists abroad, like mutual educational and cul- 

 tural exchange programs generally, have been subject to funding 

 fluctuations and retrenchment, caused by budget and balance-of- 

 payments problems. For instance, total funds obligated for exchange 

 of persons programs for fiscal year 1963 amounted to $56 million.'^ 

 During fiscal years 1965 and 1966 approximately $40 million was 

 allocated to support these exchange programs; total funds obligated 

 for the fiscal year 1970 amounted to only $28 million. (See Table 5.) 

 Data available specifically for support of Fulbright-Hays lecturer and 

 research scholar awards show that whereas approximately $6.6 million 

 was spent on Americans abroad in these categories during 1967-1968, 

 only $3 million was spent for support of professionals in these cate- 

 gories during the 1969-1970 program. (See Table 5.) 



The most important effect of these cuts is a decrease in the number 

 of Americans sent abroad. CIEP data illustrate this decline. For 

 example, during the years 1966-1967 and 1967-1968, the senior Ful- 

 bright-Hays program reached a high point when 650 and 962 grants, 

 respectively, were made. During the program years 1969-1970 and 

 1970-1971, only 297 and 381 grants, respectively, were offered. These 

 figures are considerably lower even than the number of grants awarded 

 during 1955-1956, when 411 grants were made. (See Table 5.) 



Research awards typically are the first area to suffer from budget 

 cuts. In the program year 1968-1969, 140 awards were offered for 

 research; in 1969-1970, only 44 research scholar awards were offered.^ 

 (See Table 5.) And while research awards in the social and natural 

 sciences have decreased in all areas of the world, the fu'st areas to 

 suffer are countries other than Europe, which generally is recommended 

 to receive about 75 percent of the annual research awards in these 

 areas. (See Table 6.) 



»' Young, op. cit., p. 124. 



" U.S. Advisory Commission on International Educational and Cultural Affairs, Sixth Annual Report^ 

 1969, op. cit.. pp. 20-26. 

 «3 "Annual Report of CIEP to BFS, July 1, 1968 to June 30, 1969," op. cit., p. 3. 



