932 



Expansion of Cultural and Educational Cooperation; and (3) the 

 Joint United States-Japan Committee to Strengthen Scientific Co- 

 operation.^^ 



Pursuant to this communique the Secretary of State named a U.S. 

 delegation of scientists and diplomats to the Joint Committee. U.S. 

 members receive their instructions from the State Department and 

 "are responsible to the Department for review and evaluation of 

 scientific programs undertaken for recommendation of new areas of 

 scientific cooperation, and for the provisions of related scientific 

 advice." ^^® The Committee held the first of its regular annual meetings 

 in Tokyo in 1961 ; subsequent meetings have been held alternatively 

 in the United States and Japan. 



At the first meeting, the Committee reviewed and analyzed the 

 status of scientific cooperation between the two countries and discussed 

 fields appropriate for closer collaboration. Economic, political, and 

 scientific considerations influenced their deliberations. Apparently, 

 Japanese and American diplomats and scientists decided that a 

 strengthening of cooperation in science would inject a civilian char- 

 acter into a primarily strategic relationship, based on economic and 

 miUtary ties. And like its European allies, Japan wanted to benefit 

 from the scientific and technological eminence of the United States, 

 These motivations are underscored in a statement from the Joint 

 Committee : 



The United States has cooperated extensively with the nations of Europe in 

 matters of mutual interest in the Atlantic area. . . . The Pacific area is no less 

 important and the sharing of Japanese and American scientific knowledge and 

 technical competence is a giant step forward in the understanding and mastery 

 of the environment."* 



At the first meeting the Joint Committee adopted the following 

 principles : 



— all cooperative activities must be of high quality and bene- 

 ficial to the advancement of science ; 



— all cooperative efforts should contribute to the promotion of 

 international understanding and peace; 



— each cooperative activit}^ should be significant from a 

 scientific point of i-iew as a project for bilateral cooperation; 



—all cooperation should be performed on a basis of mutuality 

 and equality; 



— at least one qualified scientist from each country . . . should 

 participate in each cooperative project; and 



— scientists of each country should take part in their capacities 

 as individuals. ^^^ 

 Administration of the program. — At the request of the Secretary 

 of State and the Bureau of the Budget, NSF assumed responsibility on 

 March 20, 1962, for coordination of the scientific interests of the 

 United States in the program. As implementing agency, the Founda- 

 tion "is responsible for: (1) organization and support of specialized 

 scientific panels to advise the NSF and the Joint Committee, and (2) 



••* "Joint Communique Issued by the President and Prime Minister Hayato Ikeda of Japan, following 

 discussions held in Washington, D.C., June 20-21, 1961," (Press Secretary, The White House, June 22 1961). 



'M U.S., National Science Foundation, In-house limited distribution annual report of the Office of Inter- 

 national Programs on "United States-Japan Cooperative Science Programs, FY 1963," p. 6. 



*•• An annual report is issued on the status of the U.S. -Japan Committee on Scientific Cooperation. It is 

 prepared by the country which hosted the annual meeting. This statement is taken from a report prepared 

 by the Japanese delegation to the Joint Committee and approved by the U.S. delegation: The United States- 

 Japan Committee cm Scientific Cooperatimi: The First Five Years, 1961-1966, available from NSF, p.l. 



>" "Status of the U.S.-Japan Cooperative Science Program ... As of March 31, 1970," p. 5. (Available from 

 OIP, NSF.) 



