944 



1970 for a total of 65 months. Their activities were in botany, mathe- 

 matics, marine geology, and engineering. Three of the four Americans 

 .sent were of Chinese descent. In the fiscal year 1970, 25 Americans 

 were sent to China under the short-term visit segment of the program. 

 In the fiscal year 1971 the Foundation supported a total of five 

 Americans to research and teach in Taiwan.^^* Topics were engineering, 

 mathematics, and biochemistry. "Significant results" reported by 

 the NSF include: "the artificial propagation of an important food 

 fish, increased understanding of the 'bukane' disease of rice, and the 

 discovery of new information on schistosomiasis. . , ." 215 



United States-France Agreement on the Exchange of Scientists. — 

 According to Robert F. Hull, Ofl&ce of International Programs, NSF, 

 the United States-French Agreement on the Exchange of Scientists, 

 reached on July 20, 1970, was motivated primarily to satisfy French 

 scientists' desires to rectify certain imbalances in the pattern of 

 scientific exchange between the two countries. American scientists 

 frequently elected to research and study in French laboratories and 

 universities, but usually only in certain disciplines, and near Paris. 

 French scientists wanted to see a broadening of U.S. participation, to 

 emphasize especially mathematics, physics, chemistry and engineering, 

 and tenures in laboratories and universities located in regions other 

 than Paris. In addition, the French scientific community wanted to 

 develop a program which would encourage more French scientists to 

 study and research in the United States. ^^^ 



The bilateral program originated during the Spring, 1968, when 

 Dr. Maurice Levy, the newly-appointed French scientific attache to 

 the United States, began discjssions with the NSF to establish an 

 agreement for the exchange of scientists between the Foundation and 

 the National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS).=^i\ CNRS, 

 similar to the NSF, is a French Government agency dealing with 

 developing, coordinating, funding, and operating science policy 

 functions. Negotiations continued when the President's Science 

 Adviser met in Paris in September 1969, with the French Minister for 

 Industrial and Scientific Development. The Minister visited the 

 United States two months later. During this visit the offic als an- 

 nounced appointment of coordinators for the program: for France, 

 the Director General for Cultural and Scientific Relations and Techni- 

 cal Assistance at the Foreign Ministry, and the Delegate- General for 

 Scientific and Technological Research ; and for the United States, the 

 Director of the National Bureau of Standards. 



During the September meeting, the representatives of both countries 

 agreed to limit the program to an exchange of young postdoctoral 

 scientists between the NSF and the CNRS. A draft memorandum 

 embodying this agreement was prepared by the NSF in the Fall of 

 1969 and transmitted to the French Scientific Mission. Discussion 

 continued, culminating in a memorandum signed on July 20, 1970, by 



2'< Data on size and program funding from: U.S. National Science Foundation, "(Data Sheets) on U.S.- 

 Republic of China Cooperative Science Program, FY 1970," supplied by NSF; U.S. National Science 

 Foundation, Annual Report, FY 1970, 1971; Annual Report, FY 1971, op. cit., p. 55; and NSF, Justification 

 of Estimates of Appropriations, FY 1973, op. cit. 



«5 NSF, Justification of Estimates of Appropriations, FY197S, op. cit., p. H-2. 



2" Interview, Robert F. Hull, Office of International Programs, NSF, February 26, 1971. The NSF reports 

 that the agreement was concluded "at the request of the French National Center for Scientific Re- 

 search . . . (with the approval of the Department of State) . . . ." (.974 National Science Foundation 

 Authorization : Hearings, op. cit., p. 356.) 



21' Background material taken from: Robert F. Hull, "Memo on U.S.-France" In "Contribution to OIP 

 Annual Report," FY 1970 (III.A.5), July 10, 1970, internal Memo, NSF, 3 pp. 



