946 



This formal exchange supplements the U.S.-Romanian program for 

 the exchange of scientists administered by the National Academy of 

 Sciences. Under terms of the agreement, the Office of Internationa' 

 Programs was named implementing agency for the United States, and 

 the Romanian National Council for Scientific Research the imple- 

 menting agency for Romania. Guidelines for content and scope were 

 worked out by the two agencies; the formal exchange program began 

 in fiscal year 1970. 



The program has not been very active. During fiscal year 1970, 

 the Foundation supported the visits of two Americans to Romania, 

 at a cost of $35,000. During the same period seven Romanian sci- 

 entists spent a total of 48 man-months travelling and studying in the 

 United States.226 



A joint agreement to broaden exchanges under the program was 

 signed on November 27, 1970, following the visits to Romania of 

 President Nixon and Dr. Lee DuBridge, the President's Science 

 Adviser. The new agreement also p^o^^ded for the two nations to 

 explore the possibility of developing joint research projects in a 

 variety of fields.^^^ 



In 1973 the Foundation reported to the Congress on activities 

 under the agreement: 



In the last two fiscal years, 28 Romanians have visited the United States and 

 nine Americans have traveled to Romania. The main interest on the Romanian 

 side has been in the applied sciences, engineering, and such -speciahzed techno- 

 logical fields as fuel technology, food processing, and textile manufacturing. The 

 program affords an opportunity for Romanian scientists to work in U.S. labora- 

 tories on problems of interest to researchers in both countries. U.S. scientists, 

 who have visited Romania under this program, have worked with their Romanian 

 colleagues on such subjects as internal combustion pollutants, coordination 

 chemistry, polymers, nonlinear \ntegral equations, and fluid mechanics.228 



United States-Spain Agreement of Friendship and Cooperation. — 

 Authority for the United States to maintain and operate military 

 installations in Spain, sanctioned by the Defense Agreement of 1953 ancl 

 extensions thereof , was due to expire in late 1970. Military and political 

 considerations on both sides of the Atlantic led the United States to 

 seek continued use of military f aciUties in Spain and continued assist- 

 ance to Spain "in strengthening its own defense system." Economic 

 and political pressures within Spain and the United States motivated 

 expansion of the military agreement into other cooperative areas 

 including technical assistance. A new agreement providing for both 

 military and nonmilitary cooperation was signed August 6, 1970.^^^ 



This agreement provides for scientific and technical cooperation; 

 however, U.S. technical assistance to Spain, rather than bilateral 

 cooperation, is stressed. Specifically, the agreement provides for: 



[Continuation and expansion of exchanges under the Fulbright program, 

 involving exchanges of] teachers, research experts, scientists, scholars and students 

 [in] all branches of learning, especially natural and applied sciences, economics, 

 and the language and culture of the two countries ; ^^o 



[U.S. technical assistance to Spain, subject to Ck)ngressional appropriations 

 of funds, to expand] the Spanish educational system and Spanish scientific and 



226 NSF, Annual Report, FY 1970. op. cit. pp. 94-95. 



22' Department of State Press Release 327, November 27, 1970, Including text of the program of exchanges 

 in Educational, Scientific, Cultural and other fields for 1971 and 1972. 



228 1974 NSF Authorization: Heariwjs, op. cit., p. 316. 



229 "United States-Spain Sign Agreement of Friendship and Cooperation," statement on Joint Com- 

 munique signed August 6, 1970, Department of State Bulletin (August 31, 1970), p. 237. 



23'' Articles 4 and 5. 



