972 



quarters, totaled about $37,000 in 1967, $27,000 in 1968, and $49,000 

 and $66,000, respectively, in 1969 and IQIO.^'^^ 



NATO Postdoctoral Fellowships in Science. — Under a 1959 agree- 

 ment, NSF and the Fellowship Office of the National Research 

 Council cooperate with the Department of State in administering 

 the program of NATO postdoctoral fellowships in science. This pro- 

 gram is designed to provide for "closer collaboration among the 

 scientists of NATO countries." 



AppUcants must have a doctoral degree, usually received within 

 the last five years. And they must demonstrate a special aptitude for 

 advanced training or postdoctoral study in the following eligible fields : 

 mathematics, physics, medicine, biology, engineering, social sciences, 

 history, philosophy of sciences, and interdisciplinary research. As in 

 the case of the NATO Senior Fellowship Program, fellowships are 

 not awarded for support of work toward an advanced degree nor for 

 i-esidency training, clinical work, or work in education or business, 

 social work, diplomacy, history, or law.^"^ 



Applicants are evaluated by panels of scientists appointed by the 

 National Research Council; final selection is made by the Founda- 

 tion. Language skills are considered; applicants must be accepted for 

 Study by the foreign institution before a fellowship is awarded, and 

 applicants must sign an oath or affirmation attesting to allegiance to 

 the United States. Special consideration is given to promoting projects 

 involving international scientific collaboration.^*^ 



Postdoctoral fellowships are normally awarded for a tenure of either 

 9 or 12 months in a nonprofit scientific institution in a NATO member 

 country or in a country which cooperates with NATO. Fellows are 

 given stipends, dependency allowances, round trip air travel and a 

 special $150 stipend. There is little public information describing 

 activities under this program; for the fiscal years 1968 to 1970 annual 

 awards numbered 39, 40, 45 and costs ranged from $296,000 in 1968 

 to $325,000 in 1970.^"^ 



Advanced Study Institutes. — Each year since 1959, NATO has 

 sponsored a number of international conferences, called Advanced 

 Study Institutes. NSF has supported the international travel of a 

 limited number of U.S. participants to these institutes since 1960.^°* 

 Justification for travel support is based on the U.S. national interest 

 and emphasizes situations in which U.S. participants are "at a dis- 

 advantage in obtaining travel support because of the distances 

 involved." ^**^ 



"These meetings," according to 'the NSF, "are held during the 

 summer for periods ranging from one to eight weeks, [and] provide 

 exhaustive treatment of a particular scientific topic by scholars of 



302 U.S., National Science Foundation, Division of Graduate Education in Science, Fiscal Year 1970 Ae- 

 t ivUies Report, limited distribution, 1969, p. 42. Annual reports of ttie Division also give data on grantees. 

 Subject specialization, tenure, and location of award. 



MS U.S. National Science Foundation, "NATO Postdoctoral Fellowships in Science," Program brochure , 

 1970, NSF E-70-Q-2. 



»M Idem. 



305 Data for FY 1968 are from: U.S., National Science Foundation, Division of Graduate Education in 

 Science, Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1968, p. 12. Data for FY 1969 are from: U.S., National Science Founda- 

 tion, Division of Graduate Education in Science, Annual Report Fiscal Year 1S69 (1969), pp. 32-33. Data 

 for FY 1970 are from: U.S., National Science Foundation, Division of Graduate Education in Science, 

 Fiscal Year 1970 Activities Report, for limited distribution. (1969), pp. 42-3. Note: In each of the above 

 instances, data are from Division flies and may not be the same as to official reporting data. 



306 According to a 1970 NSF announcement: "No provision is made at the present time for travel grants 

 to U.S. lecturers at these Institutes." Division of Graduate Education in Sciences, "National Science 

 Foundation. NATO Travel Grants," (1970), 1 p. 



w Division of Graduate Education in Science, Annual Report, FY 1969, op. cit., p. 34. 



