997 



Although these inconsistencies make it difl&cult to present a valid 

 evolution of the programs, the available data indicate several trends. 

 First, there has been a slow growth in the funding of the program 

 reflective of the slow, but steady, expansion of the program itself. 

 Second, reduced funding for the Eastern European program from fiscal 

 year 1967 to 1968 may have been due to the fact that the first year's 

 operations required special "seed" money as the program was getting 

 started, or that the program was subject to retrenchment resulting 

 from a congressionally initiated Government-wide effort to cut back 

 funding for foreign research. Third, total funds expended for the Soviet 

 and Eastern European Exchanges program were approximately $3.3 

 million to 1970. Of this sum approximately $2.7 million was allocated 

 to the Soviet exchange program alone.^^^ (It should be noted that 

 total funds for all segments of the program for the four fiscal years 

 1971-1974 are estimated at approximately $3.9 million, and are thus 

 more than the total program costs for its first 11 years of operation.) 

 (For detailed information on these trends, see Table 27.) Fourth, 

 since the start of the program in 1959 until 1970, "224 American 

 scientists [went] to the Soviet Union for visits totaling 666 months, 

 and 234 Soviet scientists [came] to the United States for a total of 

 696 months." ^93 



RELATIVELY HIGH COST OF THE PROGRAM 



The financial costs of the program are shared by the Academies. 

 NAS provides to American participants round-trip economy trans- 

 portation between their home and the capitals of the other countries, 

 including transportation for accompanying members of the family 

 if the visit is 5 months or longer. The NAS also reimburses partici- 

 pants for salary lost because of participation in the programs up to a 

 ceiling of $1,500 a month, plus some support for pre travel language 

 study, and $5 per diem for most Americans in the Soviet Union. The 

 receiving Academy is responsible for cost of transportation of partici- 

 pants within the country in connection with scientific visits and cost 

 of living accommodations, and it provides an allowance for meals. 

 The receiving Academy is also responsible for medical services for 

 participants.^®* 



The average combined cost for an exchange visit was $7,300 since the 

 program began until 1970. (See Table 28.) (This includes only support 

 supplied by the NAS to Soviets while in this country and to Americans 

 and their families for travel, salary, per diem and administrative costs. 

 Soviet support of Americans while in the U.S.S.R., under terms of the 

 agreement, presumably would inflate this figure considerably.) 



382 Figured from Table 27. Since separate funds were not reported for the Soviet program and the Eastern 

 Evu-opean program in FY 1970, funds for the Soviet program were figured by extrapolating the percentage 

 of funds for the Soviet program to total program funds for FY 1969 (80%), giving a total of funding for the 

 Soviet program for FY 1970 of $585,732. In figuring this sum no funds given to the Soviet program in FY 

 1969 under the Eastern European grant were used. In addition, only the lower figure was used in figuring 

 FY funds for the Soviet program. 



3M As will be demonstrated in the next section, there is some discrepancy in reUable aimual data. This 

 information is from Brown, In InteTnational Cooperation in Science and Space: Hearings, op. cit. p. 152. 



'»♦ "Proposal for the Continuation of the Program for Exchange of Scientists . . . ," May 28, 1970, op. 

 cit., p. 6. 



