998 



Table 28. — A Summabt op Costs, United States-Soviet Exchange Programs, 



Fiscal Years 1950 to 1970 



Total funds, U.S.-U.S.S.R. exchange program, fiscal years 1959-70-.. $3, 337, 967 



Total man-months, Americans to U.S.S.R., fiscal years 1959-70 666 



Total man-months, Soviets to United States, fiscal years 1959-70-— 696 



Total Americans to U.S.S.R., fiscal years 1959-70. 224 



Total Soviets to United States, fiscal year 1 959-70 234 



Average overall cost per exchange of visits $7, 300 



(Sources: Figures from N8F and NAS data.) 



NAS generated budget data for the Soviet and Eastern European 

 program for the period September 1970- August 1971 estimated a total 

 budget (including administrative costs, overhead, costs of exchange 

 and visiting parties) of $914,283. This estimate covers 190 man-months 

 of visits of Americans to the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe and 

 170 man-months of visits of Soviets and Eastern Europeans to the 

 United States. The average cost per man-month is $2,540. The average 

 estimated cost of sending Americans to the Soviet Union and Eastern 

 Europe is higher than that of sending foreigners to the United States. 

 The NAS estimated it would receive 63 Americans for short and long 

 term visits, at an average cost of $2,130 (based only on expenditures 

 planned for exchanges) . It was proposed that 45 Soviets and Eastern 

 Europeans would visit this country on short and long term visits 

 during the same time period, at an average cost of $1,345. The Acad- 

 emy's indirect and administrative costs in support of the program 

 account for 25 percent of the total estimated budget.^®^ In summary, 

 the program remains costly. The total average cost per exchange, 

 including overhead for fiscal year 1971 was approximately $8,500 

 and, for 1972 approximately $7,200.2"^^ 



FUNDING PROBLEMS 



Both the Academy and the Foundation have reported problems of 

 funding. Some of these are similar to problems which characterize 

 other U.S. programs to send nongovernmental scientists abroad, 

 and some are attributable to particular conditions of administering 

 quid pro quo scientific exchange agreements between poUtical ad- 

 versaries. Despite the fact that funding has increased with the growth 

 of the program, both agencies report that mid- and late-1960s funding 

 cuts, due to both balance-of-payments problems and the general 

 retrenchment in domestic R&D funding, have adversely affected 

 day-to-day program operations, curtailing the number of exchanges 

 permitted and the conduct of administrative visits and arrangements 

 to implement the program. For example : 



A sharp reduction of funds from the National Science Foundation . . . posed 

 serious problems in maintaining the agreed upon level of exchange visits. This was 

 particularly true of the Soviet program. . . .'" 



'M Figured from' estimated expenditure data, and data given in Annexes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, in NAS, "Proposal 

 for Continuation of the Program for Exchange of Scientists " May 28, 1970^ op. cit. 



s"« Information for 1972 figured from data supplied in: 1974 National Science Foundation Authorization; 

 hearings, op. cit., p. 318, and Table 27. 



3»? "Report of the Foreign Secretary to the Annual Meeting of the National Academy of Sciences, April 29, 

 1969," p. 5. 



