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\1. Brain Drain : Present and Future Trends ; Remedies 1248 



Present and Future Trends in Brain Drain to the United 



States 1248 



Beginning Trend of Outflow of Scientists and Engineers 



From United States 1248 



Reason for Brain Drain Downturn and Outflow From 



United States 1250 



FMGs, an Exception to the General Trend 1252 



Continuing Brain Drain From LDCs 1253 



Remedies for Brain Drain 1254 



Diminishing "Push" Factors : Closing Development Gap— 1254 

 Creating Scientific-Technological Infrastructure : Rela- 

 tionship to Development 1255 



Building Trained Professional Manpower Resources-- 1258 

 Establishing Educational Base in Science and Tech- 

 nology 1258 



Role of Basic Research 1259 



Linkage Among Academia, Government, and Economic 



Sector 1260 



Developing the Scientific Spirit 1260 



Value of Communications 1261 



Establishing "Centers of Excellence" 1263 



Imi)eratives of National Science Policy 1265 



Persisting Difficulties and Dilemmas 1266 



Economic Deficiencies 1266 



Problems in Institution-Building 1267 



Difiiculty in Transforming Traditional Societies 1267 



Dilemma of Human Rights and Inequality 1268 



Remedies by Diminishing the "Pull" Factors in Brain Drain__ 1271 



Expansion of American Medical Schools 1271 



Efficiency in Medical Manpower Management 1272 



Renewal of American Commitment to International De- 

 velopment 1273 



Remedy Through Development Assistance 1273 



Role of Multinational Corporations (MNCs) in Devel- 

 opment 1274 



Persisting Difficulties and Dilemmas : Declining Interest 



in Foreign Aid 1276 



Declining Interest in Brain Drain as a Foreign Policy 



Issue 1276 



Dilemma in Restricting Immigration 1277 



Paradox of Education in Nation-Building Process 1278 



Paradox of Advanced Scientific-Technological Civiliza- 

 tions 1278 



Brain Drain : "One of the Major Challenges of Mankind" 1279 



VII. Implications of Brain Drain for American Foreign Policy 1280 



Areas of Institutional Involvement 1280 



Congressional Involvement in the Brain Drain Issue 1280 



Senate and House Action in the Mid-1960s 1280 



Congressional Inaction on Brain Drain 1281 



Reason for Inaction ; Contradiction in National Pur- 

 poses 1281 



Aspects of Executive Branch Involvement 1283 



Controllers Within Executive Branch : Justice, State, 



HEW, Labor 1283 



Major Role Played by State Department 1283 



Declining Interest in Executive Branch Since Late 



1960s 1284 



Educational Institutions, Associations, and the Private 



Sector 1286 



Brain Drain Phenomenon : A Hidden Foreign Policy Prob- 

 lem 1287 



Brain Drain in the Matrix of American Foreign Policy 1287 



