1078 



TENDENCY TOWARD A NEW INTERNATIONAMSM AND ITS EFFECTS 



Forced migrations, though a dominant and often dramatic develop- 

 ment in the early postwar era, were followed by acceleratinog flows 

 of free emigrants, sm.aller in number and different in kind. This new 

 migration was responsive to an evolving tendency in the world toward 

 a new internationalism. 



In the political sphere, what has been called the "globalization" of 

 politics proceeded as the Cold War expanded in dimension and as the 

 United Nations gave organizational structure to world politics, con- 

 tributing to this ncAv feeling of internationalism. As never before, 

 peoples began to think and act more consciously within a global con- 

 text rather than strictly within one defined by narrowly circumscribed 

 national borders. In some respects this newly acquired habit tended to 

 facilitate the migration of free peoples. 



In the economic sphere, the trend toward closer integration of the 

 world economy fortified this tendency toward a new internationalism, 

 which in turn had an effect on emigration. Proceeding rapidly since 

 World War IT. the integration of the world economy is now more 

 evident in such developments as the reduction of barriers to interna- 

 tional trade, increasing integration of national capital markets of the 

 advanced countries into a world capital market, the growth of direct 

 foreign investment in modern technology from country to country, 

 the modernization of traditional class- and status-oriented societies 

 into less personal, more mobile and flexible modes of interpersonal 

 relationships conducive to economic efficiency. As a result, the market 

 for educated professional people, like that for commodities, has become 

 increasingly internationah rather than a national, with corresponding 

 economic pressures toward the equalization of prices for professional 

 work throughout the international economy.^^ In this way the eco- 

 nomic aspects of the new internationalism helj^ed create prime con- 

 ditions for brain drain. 



Contributing to the integration of the world economy which pro- 

 duced tliis special effect on emigration are two main forces in the mod- 

 ern world of today: the worldwide spread of the Industrial Revolu- 

 tion, and the movement of advanced Western societies into the post- 

 industrial era. Both forces have created special needs, particularly a 

 need for talent. Affecting this need have been such phenomena in the 

 postwar era as : 



— The great upsurge in world education, augmenting substan- 

 tially the talent market; 



— The movement, internally as well as externally, towards ur- 

 ban and metropolitan centers which industrialization has fed (in 

 1961-62, 80 percent of the world's researchers were concentrated 

 in five countries : the United States, Soviet Union, Britain, Ger- 

 many and France) ; ^* 



— Far-reaching improvements in transportation and communi- 

 cations, facilitating mobility and making information on job op- 

 portunities readily available ; 



"3 .Tohnson. cv>. clt.. pp. 89-90. 



w Charles Iffland and Henri Rieben. "The Multilateral Aspects: The U.S., Europe, and 

 the 'Poorer' Xatlons," In Adams, The Brain Drain, chapter 4, p. 50. 



