1085 



professionals 3.6 percent or 27,320 are foreigners, and of these, na- 

 tionals of former African colonies, Departments, and Mandated Ter- 

 ritories (Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Africa and the Malagasy States, 

 etc.) numbered 2,280 or 8.3 percent of the foreign total. Moreover, in 

 1962, 1,060 foreigners were recorded as occupying intermediate medi- 

 cal and social services positions.^^® 



Almost all French statistics on migration are known to be, in Mr. 

 Henderson's words, '"severe understatements" since large proportions 

 of professionals are from the former colonies and are not considered 

 "foreigners" for statistical purposes. Statistics from individual or- 

 ganizations like the National Centre for Scientific Research, 42 per- 

 cent of whose 631 foreign researchers came from the LDCs, give some 

 indication of the actual size of talent migration to France.^^^ 



According to a special tabulation provided by La Direction de la 

 Population et des Migrations du Ministere des Affaires Sociales of 

 Paris, new working licenses issued to foreign professionals, that is, en- 

 gineers, natural scientists, physicians, and professors, over the period 

 1962-66 totaled 1,869. Europe, including Greece and Turkey, contrib- 

 uted 285 ; Asia, 954 ; South America, 314 ; and Africa, 316. By far the 

 greatest percentage of these professionals were engineers and all were 

 from developing countries,^^^ Mr. Henderson cautioned, however, that 

 these figures represented a "considerable" understatement.^^® 



Still, the statistics, however imperfect, reaffirm the generalizations 

 that brain drain flows to Europe are often along the imperial-colonial 

 pattern, though this pattern seems to apply less to France than to 

 Britain, while the developing countries often pay the highest price. A 

 measure of this price is evident in the case of Cameroon. Fifty of the 

 62 Cameroonian medical doctors practicing outside Cameroon were 

 practicing in France. In 1965-66, there were 164 doctors practicing in 

 Cameroon of whom 113 were expatriates or presumably nationals of 

 other countries. Thus, there were more Cameroonian physicians prac- 

 ticing outside Cameroon than inside and as many practicing in France 

 as in Cameroon. On the basis of the 1970 estimated population for the 

 Republic of Cameroon of some 5,836,000, this would allow a ratio of 

 one native Cameroonian doctor for every 115,000. Analogous situa- 

 tions can be found in Algeria : some 300 Algerian medical doctors are 

 practicing in France, Morocco, and Togo.^''° 



As in the case of the other major receiving countries, foreign stu- 

 dents studying in France are also a potential source for brain drain. 

 In the late 1960's, France had 40,000 foreign students, the largest en- 

 rollment on the European continent. Nearly 30,000 came from the 

 LDCs."^ Statistics provided by the French Ministery of Education 

 indicated that in 1966-67 there were 24,410 foreign students in France. 

 Of this total there were 11,824 from the LDCs in Asia (4,704) , Africa 

 (6.800) , and South America (320) ."^ 



Statistics on nonreturnees are not available, but some surveys have 

 been made that provide at least data for tentative judgments. A sur- 



"o Henderson, op. clt., pp. 36-37. 



li^Ibid. 



1^ Table V, ibid., pp. 173-174. 



i2»Ibld., p. 37. 



""Thid., p. 38. 



i« Ibid. p. 37. 



^ Ibid., pp. 175-176. 



