1092 



figure for Australia in 1965 was 9.5 percent; for Canada, 22.4 

 percent.^*'® 



In his survey of Australian immigration, Mr. Henderson notes that 

 the pattern remains more firmly European-directed than oriented 

 towards the LDCs, though in recent years this pattern has been chang- 

 ing. For the financial year 1966-67, a total of 138,676 immigrants 

 arrived in Australia; 76,496 came from the United Kingdom and 

 Ireland; 75,514 were born there."'^ Most of Australia's immigration 

 tends to consist of craftsmen. Between 1949 and 1960, Australia 

 absorbed 185,544 skilled craftsmen or about 16,860 a year."® 



The European orientation of Australia's immigration is evident in 

 the following statistics on the origin of immigrants during 1947-61 : 

 United Kingdom and its Dominions, 32 percent ; North Europe, 18 per- 

 cent; East Europe, 20 percent; South Europe, 27 percent; and the 

 rest of the world, 3 percent. Except for Greece (9,826) and Yugo- 

 slavia (5,664), the developing countries played a small role in Aus- 

 tralia's total immigration during that period. Those coming from 

 South Europe were mostly craftsmen or unskilled labor. Moreover, 

 among professionals, 14.115 of the 29,568 overseas-born professionals 

 in the 1966 census were born in the United Kingdom ; and 22 percent 

 of Australia's male professional manpower were born overseas."® 



MIGRATION FROM LDC'S TO AUSTRALIA 



Australia's exclusive dependency on immigration from the so-called 

 "white" developed countries has changed gradually since the late 

 1950's. Legislation has progressively opened up the country to non- 

 Europeans. Thus a trend has been established of gradually increasing 

 immigration from Asia, especially from India and Pakistan, and 

 among ethnic Chinese from several Asian countries. This changing 

 character of Australian immigration is seen in Table 3 on overseas- 

 born professional workers residing in Australia in 1966 by birthplace 

 and occupation. ..^ . 



Australia does not break down its immigration statistics by natioiw 

 ality, but the 1966 census shows a high proportion of professionals 

 among Asian immigrants. For India and Indonesia the figure is 10 

 percent, and for Malaysia, 27 percent. Thus, a far higher proportion 

 (12.3 percent in 1961) of those Australian residents born outside 

 Australia were professionals than those born inside the country (4 per- 

 cent) or of those born in Europe (ranging from 0.5 to 9.8 percent). 

 Only one-third (34.7 percent) of the non-European foreign born were 

 craftsmen or, to use Henderson's term, "operatives," while from Europe 

 there were nearly two-thirds. Percentages of "administrative" per- 

 sonnel were also higher (11 percent from the non-European foreign 

 born) than there were for Australian- or European-born persons. 



170 



i8« Ibid., p. 33. 



1"" Report of U.N. Secretary General, Outflow of Trained Personnel from LDCs, Not. 5. 

 1968. pp. 16-17, and Henderson, op. cit., p. 21. 

 iM Thomas, op. cit., p. 37. 

 169 Henderson, op. cit., p. 21. 

 i™ibid., p. 24. 



