1108 



TABLE 8.-IMMIGRANT SCIENTISTS, ENGINEERS, PHYSICIANS, AND SURGEONS. FISCAL YEARS 1949-70 



Total Physicians 



scientists and Natural Social and 



Fiscal year engineers Engineers < scientists > scientists > surgeons 



1949 > 1, 369 



1950 3 2,045 



1951 «2.098 



1952.... 3.449 



1953 2.866 



1954 3.336 



1955 3,002 



1956 3,952 



1957 6,046 



1958 5, 380 



1959 5,290 



1960 : 4, 550 



1961 4, 171 



1962 4,297 



1963 5,933 



1964 5,762 



1%5 5, 345 



1966 7,205 



1967 12, 523 



1968 12,973 



1%9 10, 255 



1970 13.337 



1 Includes professors and instructors. 



3 Total excludes a small number of social scientists for whom data are not available. 



Source: National Science Foundation, "Scientists, Engineers, and Physicians From Abroad: Trends Through Fiscal 

 Year 1970." (Washington. 1972), p. 1. (Based on data of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, U.S. Department 

 of Justice.) 



Many immigrants in this category fulfill the immigration require- 

 ment by taking up the required 2-year residency in Canada or else- 

 where other than their place of birth before reentering the United 

 States. Data for 1970, for example, reveal that Canada was by far 

 the major "way-station" for those born in one country and last resident 

 in another. There were 1,000 such persons. Among this group were 

 260 born in India, 150 in United Kingdom, and 110 in Eastern Europe. 

 Thus, the statistics for "way-stations" such as Canada and the United 

 Kingdom — both regarded in this study as advanced countries — may 

 include a substantial number of Asians, Africans, and others from 

 the LDCs who are not accounted for in the statistics for the country 

 of emigration according to nationality. The 260 professionals born in 

 India may hence be carried on immigration statistics as coming from 

 "Canada," not "India." NSF data for the fiscal year 1972 reveal 

 that some 55 percent (243 of 439) of immigrant FMGs reporting 

 Canada as the last place of permanent residence were actually from 

 Asia; 92 or 21 percent were from India alone. Similarly, 69 percent 

 (251 of 364) of those from the United Kingdom listed their country 

 of birth as an Asian country : 179 or 49 percent were from India, and 

 12 percent from Africa, primarily Egypt. The inflows from the LDCs, 

 therefore, may be considerably more than what is sometimes actually 

 recorded. This fact should be kept in mind throughout this study when 

 considering the drain-oflf of scientists, engineers, physicians, and 

 surgeons from the LDCs, particularly in instances where differenti- 

 ation between place of "last permanent residence" and "country or 

 region of birth" is ambiguous. 



