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of needs and demands, priorities and goals between the advanced 

 industrial societies and the LDCs: the former seek expanding 

 markets and resources, human and material, for enlarging their 

 industrial systems; the latter seek development and moderniza- 

 tion of their undeveloped or developing countries. One of the 

 primary objects of the competition is to secure trained professional 

 manpower needed by both. 



4. By reordering immigration priorities to stress quality over 

 quantity and by enlarging incentives, the advanced industrial 

 societies have been able to draw heavily on the LDCs for their 

 professional manpower requirements, seemingly to the detriment 

 of the latter. 



5. In this competition for trained manpower, most advanced 

 industrial societies bear "universal culpability" for brain drain 

 from the LDCs. The data suggest that the United States, long the 

 mecca of world immigration, has been a prime beneficiary ; though 

 the number of immigrant scientists and engineers has declined in 

 1972, the inflow of foreign physicians and surgeons continues on 

 a steady upward trend. 



