1180 



Ph. D.'s from Stanford, Texas, Harvard, and Oklahoma Universities. 

 Mr. Penniman viewed such educational training as a valuable foreign 

 policy asset and encouraged its expansion.*°^ 



Egypt, though a loser from brain drain, has also benefited from the 

 return of its students from America. Two of its most prominent po- 

 litical leaders. Aziz Sidky and Sayyed Marei, were American educated, 

 and its newly appointed Ambassador to the United States, Ashraf 

 Ghorbal, received his Ph. D. at Harvard. 



Sidky is Prime Minister. He studied at the University of Oregon 

 and Harvard University, where he was awarded a masters degree and 

 a Ph. D. in engineering. Described as an American-educated engineer 

 turned statesman, Sidky worked closely with the Kussians in building 

 the Aswan High Dam and.in launching Egypt's industrialization and 

 electrification programs. Sidky is regarded as a powerful force in 

 Egypt today, particularly in its economic development and in politi- 

 cal relations with the USSR. 



Sayyed Marei is Secretary General of the Arab Socialist Union 

 (ASU). An American-educated agriculturalist, he inspired much of 

 Egypt's efforts to raise food and cotton production. Marei has been 

 referred to in the press as Egvpt's "strongest figure in 1970." ^"^ 



Finally, Ashraf Ghorbal, the newly designated Egyptian Am- 

 bassador to the United States (to serve when diplomatic relations 

 are formally established) and a long-time high ranking official 

 in the Egyptian Government, is an American-educated student re- 

 turnee. A graduate of Cairo University, Ambassador Ghorbal was one 

 of the first Egj'ptian students sent to the United States in 1946. He 

 returned to Egjpt after receiving a Ph. D. at Harvard. A number of 

 others among the 300 Egyptian students coming to the United States 

 at that time subsequently were to become ministers in the Egyptian 

 government.*"^ 



The esteem with which Ambassador. Ghorbal is held by his govern- 

 ment and his value as an interpreter of the American scene is apparent 

 by the fact that his appointment comes at a most crucial time in the 

 aftermath of the Arab-Israeli October war.*"^ 



ADVAXCEMENT OF KNOWLEDGE 



The LDCs can benefit from the discoveries made by emigrant scien- 

 tists of first rank. By placing their productive skills in well-equipped 

 institutions and by associating with other highly trained staff, they 

 may be able to maximize their contribution to the general advance- 

 ment of knowledge and to its dissemination through learned books 

 and articles, or in improvements spread by foreign and commercial 

 aid.*°^ 



i05 Personal notes taken during the joint hearing of the Subcommittee o? the Near East 

 and South Asia and the Subcommittee on Foreign Economic Policy, May 14, 1973. (^ote- 

 book Journal of Joseph G. Whelan, No. 3, p. 116.) ^, . .. „ • 



SS John k! Cooley, "Egypt Still Debates Expulsion of Soviets," The Chnsttan Science^ 



^«''j''ona^han^a^Fan^dal' "The Return of an Old American Hand," The Washington 



^Zi''n°at Edrptlins'h^ye a special preference for the United States and Its educational 

 institutions is evident in a recent press report from Cairo. In an article entitled Many 

 ties still bind U.S. Egvpt." It said: "In the first seven months of 19.3 2,285 Egyptians 

 wint to the UnUed Smtes as tourists or students and an add tlonal 617 obtained vlsag 

 to emigrate to the United States. As many Egyptians have studied at Harvard, Princeton 

 or Yale as at Cambridge or Oxford." (The New York Times, Nov. 7, 1973, p. 10.) 

 <«» Henderson, op, clt., p. 127. 



