1203 



And Africa's 589 immigrant scientists and engineers cost some 

 $11,780,000, and including physicians and surgeons increases educa- 

 tional costs to $16,220,000. 



Estimates of educational costs to the LDCs for the fiscal year 1972 

 are similarly considerable. In the fiscal year 1972, 9,550 immigrant 

 scientists and engineers entered the United States from all LDCs. (See 

 Table 24.) The estimated educational cost is $191,009,550. Total edu- 

 cational costs, including physicians and surgeons and using the same 

 assumptions as noted above, is $820,240,000. This total figure repre- 

 sents 114 from Greece; 756 from Latin America; 8,155 from Asia; 433 

 from Africa ; and 92 from all other areas in the world. Excluded from 

 these figures are immigrants from what appeared to be the developed 

 countries in Western and Eastern Europe and Canada. Individual 

 costs remain high. For Latin America, the cost for 756 immigrant 

 scientists and engineers totals $15,120,000, and including physicians 

 and surgeons brings the total cost to $25,580,000. For Asia, the educa- 

 tional cost for 8,155 immigrant scientists and engineers amounts to 

 $163,100,000; including physicians and surgeons increases costs to 

 $274,260,000. India's 3,567 immigrant scientists and engineers cost an 

 estimated $71,340,000; including physicians and surgeons brings the 

 total to an estimated $107,380,000. The cost of 1,540 immigrant sci- 

 entists and engineers from the Philippines comes to an estimated 

 $30,560,000, and including physicians and surgeons increases costs to 

 $47,420,000. And Africa's 433 immigrant scientists and engineers cost 

 some $8,660,000, while including physicians and surgeons brings the 

 total to $13,840,000. 



The combined estimated educational cost to sending nations of im- 

 migrant scientists, engineers, physicians, and surgeons entering the 

 United States in the fiscal years 1971 and 1972 clearly indicates that 

 the LDC contribution is considerable. The total for 1971 and 1972 

 ajnounts to an estimated $646,540,000 for the incoming 32,327 sci- 

 entists, engineers, physicians, and surgeons from the LDCs. (See Table 

 25.) This estimate is based on the same assumptions as noted above. 

 Those coming from Latin America (2,657) cost an estimated 

 $53,140,000. However, the bulk came from Asia, 27,516 at an estimated 

 cost of $550,320,000 ; and specifically the Far East, 25,241 at an esti- 

 mated cost of $504,820,000. India's 10,652 cost an estimated 

 $213,040,000; Korea's 2,805, cost $56,100,000; Pakistan's 1,542, 

 $30,840,000 ; and the estimated educational cost of some 4,939 incoming 

 Filipinos amounted to $98,780,000. Africa's incoming 1,503 scientists, 

 engineers, physicians, and surgeons cost an estimated $30,060,000. The 

 figure on educational costs to the sending LDCs would be much higher 

 if costs for primary and secondary education, and for M.D.s under- 

 graduate training, were included in the computation. 



Estimated Costs of Emigrant Physicians. — Emigration of physi- 

 cians from the LDCs to the United States and other advanced coun- 

 tries represents a substantial loss in educational investment. Some of 

 the estimates cited above include physicians. Other estimates have been 

 made, focusing specifically on the loss of educational investment 

 through medical brain drain. Many of these estimates are structured 

 so as to indicate or imply the value of replacing this imported pro- 

 fessional manpower into the United States. 



