1361 



— Assistance on such projects as desalinization, nuclear ship 

 propulsion, peaceful nuclear explosions (Plowshare); and 

 — Cooperation with Euratom. 



Outer Space Section 



— Recovery of astronauts landing on foreign soil; 



— Negotiate agreements for space cooperation; 



— Participate in United Nations Outer Space Committee; and 



— Assist in U.S.-U.S.S.R. space cooperation program. 



General Science Section 



— Participate in international environmental (ocean and 

 atmospheric) science programs; 



— Maintain relations with other offices and agencies with 

 science programs; 



— Present policy advice and assistance concerning technological 

 matters; and 



— Maintain "geographic" officers in science. 



Exposition by Pollack oj SCFs Role 



On May 17, 1967, shortly before his appointment as Director of 

 SCI, Pollack in a formal address described "the present and future 

 importance of the interaction between science and foreign affairs, 

 the attitude of the Department of State on the subject, and the 

 administrative response ... to the challenge of science in foreign 

 affairs." ®^ There was a technological revolution underway, he said, 

 that was without precedent in its combination of "scale, pace, and 

 impact on the affairs of men." In less than 10 3^ears man had progressed 

 from a first satellite to working weather and communications satellites. 

 He foresaw "natural-resource sensing" in the future. Nuclear power, 

 desalinization, weather modification, computer technology, changes 

 in military hardware, supertankers of 500,000 tons, were at hand or 

 near. 



All of these technological innovations implied work for the Depart- 

 ment of wState: nuclear safeguards, changed national and international 

 patterns of energy usage, easing of international tensions over alloca- 

 tion of scarce water, agreements on space and weather modification, 

 agreements on uses of the ocean and the seabed, resolution of "brain 

 drain" and "technology gap" issues, and policies in response to the 

 changed vulnerability of nations to the new weapons. Thus: 



. . . Not only do scientific and technological developments affect the basic 

 geopolitical-economic considerations which underlie foreign policy decisions, but 

 they become increasinglj^ the very subject of international negotiations. They are 

 providing a host of new problems, with awesome potential for the disadvantage 

 of the amity of nations. On the other hand, their beneficial potential, imagina- 

 tively and effectively employed, could have immense favorable impact on the 

 chmate of international relations over the next century or more. 



Numerous international agencies and agreements had appeared in 

 response to the onrush of technological innovation: International 

 Atomic Energy Agency, World Health Organization, Intergovern- 

 mental Oceanographic Commission, U.S. agreements mth Japan and 



" Herman Pollack, "Science, Foreign Affairs, and the State Department," Department of State Bulletin, 

 June 19, 1967, pp. 910-917. Kepriated in U.S. Department of State, Department and Foreign Service Series, 

 no. 13'J, Publication, no. 82C1, July 1967. 



