1362 



Germany. Many present and future concerns required "worldwide 

 integrated action": 



. . . Such immediate problems as population pressures, protection of basic food 

 crops and the development of new sources of food, and water management re- 

 quire a joint approach now. For the the future, international action will be needed 

 in disease control, resource exploitation and conservation, weather modification 

 and control, and in the search for new energy sources. For the far future, mastery 

 of and competence in the ocean depths and outer space will require a massive, 

 sustained, and cooperative effort. 



Then Pollack w^ent on to describe the organizational response of 

 the Department of State to these challenges — the role of SCI, the 

 scientific attaches, relationsliips with other scientific and technical 

 agencies, and science training in the Department. But there remained 

 a persistent problem : 



We have found that scientists, like many others, frequentl}'^ lack an awarene.ss 

 of the realities of world politics and, correspondingly, foreign affairs .specialists 

 are frequently resistant to the acquisition of knowledge about scientific and 

 technical developments applicable to foreign affairs. I don't mean to be dis- 

 paraging toward either group — after all, some of my best friends are scientists, 

 and I must live with the diplomats. The challenge is, in part, to our educational 

 systems. 



He quoted a statement by Secretary Rusk that: "For any American 

 involved in public affairs today, scientific literacy is a must; and that 

 is particularly so in foreign affairs. We are firmly convinced that the 

 Foreign Service officer should be familiar with the ways, the concepts, 

 and the purposes of science." And he called for the next generation 

 of Foreign Service officers to add "scientific literacy to the wide 

 range of skills and knowledge already required in their profession." 



Continued Growth During the Nixon Presidency 



The influence of SCI continued to grow when the new Republican 

 administration took office in 1969. During the first 2 years, bilateral 

 science agreements were developed wdth Irance, Spain, Romania, the 

 U.S.S.R., and Taiwan China. Technical assistance programs were 

 being formulated in cooperation with the Organization of American 

 States. Programs were under study for Africa. A new AID Office for 

 Science and Technology was organized. vSCT participated in a joint 

 United States-Canadian Conference on Arctic Research. The use of 

 Public Law 480 funds for science programs in several countries w^as 

 under study. 



Early in 1971, William P. Rogers, who succeeded Rusk as Secretary 

 of State, told a House Committee that "This administration is 

 adapting American foreign polic}^ to the fact that never before have 

 the global characteristics of science and technology held so many 

 consequences for so man}^ people." He spoke of the vanishing re- 

 sources of petroleum and metals, of environmental quality, satellite 

 technology, seabed resource development, nuclear benefits and dan- 

 gers, and the need for international cooperation to exchange scientific 

 knowledge and technological capability."^ 



ADVISORY COMMITTEES 



When the Federal Council for Science and Technology (FCST) 

 was first organized, in 195S, one of the first subordinate elements 



'2 William P. Rogers, "U.S. Foreign Policy in A Technological Age," in Proceedings, Panel on Science 

 and Technology, Twelfth Meeting, Inter national Science Policy, pp. 2-8. 



