1444 



September to June, and six foreign affairs executive seminars are 

 held annually, running 6 weeks each. 



For purposes of the present study the interest is particularly in the 

 courses of "economic and commercial training" and "political train- 

 ing." Most of the scientific and technological education provided by 

 FSI is under these two headings. For example, the subject of tech- 

 nology transfer by multinational corporations might be taken up in a 

 "workshop on international business/commercial activities." The 

 relationship of technology to U.S. exports could be a subject of the 

 senior trade expansion seminar. However, in general, the scientific 

 content of economics courses is muted. 



In the category of political training are a number of other courses, 

 all 1-week, with scientific content: 



Science, technology, and foreign affairs 



Psychological dimensions of diplomacy 



Computers and foreign affairs 



World resources 

 Of these, the course most directly on the topic is Science, Tech- 

 nology, and Foreign Affairs. This course has had an interesting history 

 that may be instructive as to the problem of injecting scientific and 

 technological content into the FSI curriculum. The course was first 

 developed as a 4-week seminar, January 11 to February 5, in 1965. 

 In transmitting a report on this seminar to the Secretary, June 1, 

 1965, George A. Morgan, director of FSI, described the "months of 

 planning" for the seminar, the "gratifying" attendance, the "impres- 

 sive array of speakers," the funding support by the Ford Foundation, 

 and the leadership in assembling the program. ^^^ This, he said, was a 

 "pioneering effort to explore how science and technology contribute 

 to the development and execution of our foreign policy." Director 

 Morgan expressed the hope that this effort — 



. . . will help to create within government, the scientific community, universities 

 and industry an interest in considering more broadly and in greater depth the 

 interactions between science and technology and foreign policy. In particular we 

 hope that our experiment will prove useful to academic institutions in developing 

 instruction and research in this uncharted interdisciplinary area linking the physi- 

 cal and social sciences and foreign affairs. For this reason this report has been pre- 

 pared for general distribution.'*^ 



The seminar itself was a substantial effort, attended by 22 partici- 

 pants (including 13 from State and related agencies), with 37 prepared 

 papers by such leading science statesmen as Dr. Killian, Dr. Hornig, 

 Chairman George Miller of the House Science and Astronautics 

 Committee, and President Seitz and Foreign Secretary Brown of the 

 National Academy of Sciences. (See the accompanying course syllabus 

 for an outline of the course.) A large bibliography was published for 

 the seminar, and — according to the report — the "reference material 

 and assigned readings were considered too extensive to study during 

 the progress of the course." Clearly, there was much more material 

 than could be crammed into a 4-week period. (See table 10.) The 

 participants recognized the problem of a tradeoff between length of 



182 Those thus cited were: Dr. E. M. J. Kretzman, formerly Acting Director of the Office of International 

 Scientific Affairs of the Department of State, and his staff; Dr. Irwin Tobin of the Office of Science and Tech- 

 nology; Professor Carroll Wilson and Mr. Eugene B. Skolnikofl of M.I.T.; and Mr. Christopher Wright, 

 Executive Director of the Council for Atomic Age Studies at Columbia University. 



183 U.S. Department of State, Foreign Service Institute, Science, Technology, and Foreign Affairs, report 

 on seminar held from January 11 to February 5, 1965 at the Foreign Service Institute, prepared by L. F. 

 Audrieth, and H. I. Chinn, letter of transmittal from George A. Morgan, Director FSI, to Secretary of 

 State Dean Rusk, Jime 1, 1965. 



