1461 



with other nations, especial!}'' those whose political and economic 

 philosophies are compatible, which will advance the policies expressed 

 in this Act throughout the world." Purposes to be served would 

 include the enhancement of free trade, travel and commerce, assurance 

 of sound international currencies, minimization of environmental 

 pollution, improvement of the health and protection of the safety of 

 all peoples, fullest utiUzation and conservation of the resources of all 

 nations, and encouragement of competitive enterprise (including 

 multinational corporations) to fulfill needs for goods and services.^'^ 



Dr. Roger Revelle, as president of the American Association for the 

 Advancement of Science, urged that "scientific and technical informa- 

 tion must be one component in the broader context of policymaking 

 in the field of international affairs." He continued: 



The feasibility and time horizon of developments in industrial technology, com- 

 munications, agriculture, sateUile reconnaissance, detection of nuclear explosions, 

 ocean petroleum and minerals production, new weapons systems, etc. must be 

 taken into account in foreign pohcy. Similarly, the quality and quantity of fuel 

 and metal reserves in different countries and regions, the land, water and energy 

 resources available for agricultural production, the potential yields of the ocean 

 fisheries, and estimates of national technological capabilities are important con- 

 siderations in international policymaking. 



One aim of a National pohcy for Science and Technology should be to ensure 

 that the best scientific and technical information is fully utilized in making and 

 implementing the nation^s foreign policies. 



The nation's unique scientific and technical capabUities shoiild be an instrument 

 and an object of foreign policy. Attention should be paid to means of increasing 

 imports and exports of technology, and to the "balance of trade" in technical 

 exchange with other countries. International cooperation and cost-sharing in 

 scientific research and technical development should be encouraged and tech- 

 nology transfer as a major element of assistance programs for less developed 

 countries should be facihtated. International constraints on oceanic, atmospheric 

 and space research should be avoided."' 



DRAFT SCIENCE POLICY BILL 



The bin H.R. 4461 presented a plan for an Advisor}' Council in the 

 Executive Office of the President, and a Department of Research and 

 Technology Operations, charged with furthering a science policy 

 delineated in title I of the bill. This title contained (section 101(a)(1)) 

 the finding of Congress that "the general welfare, the economic 

 growth and stability of the Nation, its security, the efficient utilization 

 and conservation of the Nation's resources, and the promotion of the 

 progress of science and the useful arts, upon which the very functioning 

 of government and society depend, require the vigorous and perceptive 

 employment of national science and technology." Goals of the pohcy 

 included (section 101(b)(1)) "demonstrating world leadership by 

 enlarging the contributions of American science and technology to the 

 knowledge of man and his universe." Two of the five policy principles 

 in the bill, items 3 and 5 of section 102(a), had explicit foreign policy 

 implications : 



Item (3) : The mobilization of science and technology to further United States 

 diplomatic objectives and assure the adequacy and effective global allocation of 



218 Ibid., p. 256. 



2''* Ibid., p. 413. In his retiring presidential addre.ss delivered at the AAAS meeting in New York City on 

 January 29, 1975, Dr. Revelle said "Science unifies men." One aim of a "National Science Policy for Science 

 and Technology," in his opinion, "should be that the best scientific and technical information is fully 

 utilized in making and implementing the nation's foreign policy, and that our unique scientific and technical 

 capabilities are both an instrument and an object of foreign policy." (Roger Revelle, "The Scientist and 

 the Politician," Science, March 21, 1975, p. 1105.) 



