1483 



cation of new technology, and also take positive measures to en- 

 courage a reverse flow of foreign technology into the United States. 



There would not be time or space to undertake in this study an 

 assessment in depth of appropriate policies of the Federal Government 

 at home and abroad to deal wdth the international transfer of tech- 

 nology or the associated emergence of the multinational corporation. 

 It should also be recognized that not all assessments are adverse. For 

 example, Jacques G. Maisonrouge, president of IBM World Trade 

 Corporation, at a seminar on "Technology and International Trade" 

 sponsored bj'^ the National Academy of Engineering contended that 

 "multinational companies contribute much to this country and to the 

 world — including the rapid diffusion of technology." "^ 



Alanifestl}^ this dual subject is of compelling importance for diplo- 

 macy, it calls for a deep understanding of the social and economic 

 roles of technology, and important policy questions are arising that 

 need to be dealt with competently and authoritatively. What is not 

 clear is where in the structure of U.S. diplomacy tliis can be done. 



Continuing Importance and Increasing Scope of International Basic 

 Science 



Although the science office in State, in mid-1973, saw technology as 

 of "greater concern" than science,^^^ nevertheless, "the exchange of 

 scientific inforaiation and research and the interplay of scientific 

 knowledge [continued to foster] a collaboration desirable in itself for 

 achieving international understanding as well as tangible scientific 

 results." 



Some measure of the extent of international contacts that result 

 from international science activities is suggested by the annual report of 

 Harrison Brown as retiring Foreign Secretary of the National Academy 

 of Sciences, April 1974: 



During the past 12 ye&Ts some 850 individuals served on U.S. National Com- 

 mittees for some 30 international organizations in which the Academy exercises 

 membership on behalf of the U.S. scientific community. During this same period 

 over 1,000 U.S. scientists and engineers served as Academy delegates at some 130 

 general assemblies or other key decision-making meetings of these international 

 bodies. U.S. scientists contributed some 2,600 man-years of service on U.S. na- 

 tional committees for 12 international collaborative programs. 50,000 U.S. 

 scientists participated in international congresses along with 160,000 colleagues 

 from other countries. ^^ 



Dr. Brown noted also that assistance to developing countries had 

 received principal recent emphasis in liis office: 



As time has passed, our programs with our colleagues in developing countries 

 have collectively become our largest effort. These programs, which have been 

 supervised by our Board on Science and Technology for International Develop- 

 ment, are aimed at helping our colleagues strengthen the research capabilities 

 of their countries for the purpose of solving problems of development. Thus far 

 we have been involved with programs in six Latin American, five Asian and three 

 .\frican countries. Viewed as a whole, these efforts have been remarkabh' success- 

 ful, attributable in no small measure to the techniques we have developed with 

 our overseas colleagues for joint deliberation and decision-making. Thus far our 

 Academj^'s programs with our colleagues in developing countries have involved 



252 National Academy of Engineering, Technology and International Trade, proceedings of the symposium 

 sponsored by the National Academy of Engineering at the Sixth Autumn Meeting. October 14 and 15, 1970 

 (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences-National Academy of Engineering, 1971), p. xiii. (Publi- 

 ■cation partially sponsored by the Department of Commerce.) 



253 U.S. Department of State, International Science Notes, no. 30 (June 1973), p. 13. 



254 National Academy of Sciences, Report of the Foreign Secretary 1974 (Washington, D.C.: National Acad- 

 emy of Sciences, April 1974), p. 1. 



