VII. Incidental Take of Marine Mammals in the Course 



of Commercial Fishing Operations 70 



The Tuna-Porpoise Issue 70 



The Dall's Porpoise Issue 78 



VIII . Entanglement in Marine Debris 82 



Background 8 2 



Domestic Activities in 1986 85 



International Activities 92 



IX. Species of Special Concern 98 



West Indian Manatee ( Trichechus manatus) 98 



Hawaiian Monk Seal (Monachus schauinslandi ) .... 104 



Caribbean Monk Seal ( Monachus tropicalis ) 112 



The California Sea Otter Population 



( Enhydra lutris) 114 



Humpback Whale ( Megaptera novaeangliae ) 120 



Bowhead Whale ( Balaena mysticetus ) 124 



Right Whale ( Eubalaena glacialis ) 128 



Harbor Porpoise ( Phocoena phocoena ) 131 



River Dolphins (Family Platanistidae) 134 



X. Outer Continental Shelf Oil and Gas Development 136 



Proposed OCS Lease Sale #97 136 



Canadian Oil Exploration on Georges Bank 137 



The Minerals Management Service's Regional 



Environmental Studies Program 138 



XI . Marine Mammals in Captivity 141 



XII. Permit Process 144 



Application Review 144 



Administration of the Permit Process 145 



Working Group on the Permit System 146 



Permit-Related Litigation 147 



Appendix A: Commission Recommendations: 



Calendar Year 1986 148 



Appendix B: Reports on Commission-Sponsored Activities 

 Available from the National Technical 

 Information Service 164 



Appendix C: Selected Literature Published Elsewhere 

 Resulting from Commission-Sponsored 

 Activities 180 



11 



