V. Marine Mammal Strandings and Die-Offs 141 



Unusual Events Occurring in 1991 141 



Development of a National Die-Off Response Plan and 



Improvement of the Regional Stranding Networks 143 



Workshop on Release of Rehabilitated and Captive Marine Mammals 146 



VI, Impacts of Marine Debris 147 



Background 147 



The Marine Entanglement Research Program 149 



Domestic Regulations for Disposal of Ship-Generated Garbage 150 



Annex V of the Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships 150 



Vn. Marine Mammal Management in Alaska 155 



Species Conservation Plans and Species Reports 155 



The Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska Ecosystems 156 



The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill in Prince William Sound 159 



Federal Marine Mammal Marking and Tagging Regulations 162 



Litigation Related to Marine Mammals in Alaska 162 



Vin. Outer Continental Shelf Oil, Gas, and Mineral Development 167 



Proposed Offshore Lease Sales 167 



Impact of Oil Spills on Arctic Natives 169 



Small-Take Exemptions 170 



The Minerals Management Service's Environmental Studies Program 175 



IX. Research and Studies Program 177 



Survey of Federally-Funded Marine Mammal Research 177 



Research Program Reviews, Workshops, and Planning Meetings 177 



Commission-Sponsored Research and Study Projects 178 



X. Permits for Marine Mammal Research, Public Display, and Enhancement 187 



Permit Application Review 187 



Review of the Permit System 188 



Implementation of the 1988 Amendments to the Marine Mammal Protection Act 189 



Swim-with-the-Dolphin Programs 190 



Feeding Wild Marine Mammals 192 



Other Litigation 193 



XI. Marine Mammals in Captivity 195 



Animal Welfare Act 195 



Lacey Act 196 



Appendix A: Commission Recommendations: Calendar Year 1991 199 



Appendix B: Reports of Commission-Sponsored Activities Available from the 



National Technical Information Service 213 



Appendix C: Selected Literature Published Elsewhere Resulting 



from Commission-Sponsored Activities 221 



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