CONTENTS 



INTRODUCTION 1 



I. CHALLENGES AND THE RESPONSE OF SCIENCE 3 



Challenge of the Unknown 3 



Challenges from Nature 5 



Challenges of Society 7 



Challenges of Man's Increasing Power 9 



IL CHALLENGE OF MAN'S POWER 11 



Population and Health 11 



Primary Productivity 14 



Energy 19 



Minerals 21 



Weather and Climate 23 



Environment 26 



The Challenges in Perspective 28 



m. ADEQUACY OF SCIENCE TO MEET THE CHALLENGES: TWO 



ILLUSTRATIVE TESTS 31 



Cancer 32 



The Growing Science Base 32 



The National Cancer Program Plan 33 



Adequacy of the Current State of Basic Research 34 



Scientific Manpower Requirements 38 



Prospects for the Cancer Program 39 



Energy 40 



The National Energy Program 41 



Adequacy of the Current State of Basic Research 43 



Scientific Manpower Requirements 46 



IV. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 49 



Challenges of Today and Tomorrow 49 



Role of Science and Technology 50 



Adequacy of Present Knowledge 50 



The Nation's Research Effort 51 



V. RECOMMENDATIONS 55 



Application of the Nation's Research Capability to Civilian 



Problems 55 



Role of the Federal Government 55 



Role of Private Industry 56 



Role of the University 56 



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