psychology, political science, demography, and mathematics related to 

 these disciplines. The objectives of such research include: (1) improved 

 economic theory and models relating energy use to other national 

 parameters; (2) better knowledge of how life styles and the "quality of 

 life" relate to national energy policy; (3) insights into the factors 

 controlling population and economic growth; and (4) increased 

 understanding of the Nation's international relationships and 

 obligations in matters of energy. 



As in the case of the National Cancer Program, basic research is 

 required in a wide variety of scientific disciplines in order to meet the 

 goals of the Energy Program. A part of the basic research program, as 

 noted in the National Energy R&D Program, "is designed to find 

 answers to questions now visible. Another part is intended as 

 insurance against unknown future barriers to development progress. 

 A very small part. ..is to encourage creativity and imagination along 

 lines not yet chartable in the long-term concerns for renewable 

 energy." 



Scientific Manpower Requirements 



It is anticipated that the Federal Program of Energy R&D would 

 employ some 40,000 scientists, engineers, and technicians when the 

 Program becomes fully operational. In 1973 about 50 percent of that 

 number were employed in federally supported energy R&D. The 

 Energy Program Plan notes that: "While the potential for 

 redistribution of technical manpower is high, reorientation or 

 retraining will be necessary, and major growth in the longer term 

 must be ensured." Toward this end, the Program provides for 

 manpower development. The first targets are (1) the expansion of 

 educational faculty to train manpower for R&D in energy, and (2) the 

 enhancement of the effectiveness of managerial personnel in 

 government and industry for planning and implementing R&D 

 projects. Subsequently, efforts will be directed to enlarging the base of 

 energy-trained manpower through the support of students and 

 expanding institutional capabilities to retrain and redirect technical 

 manpower at all levels. 



Manpower requirements in the private sector are substantially 

 greater than those of the Federal Government. A "maximum effort" 

 by industry to develop domestic fuel sources over the next decade is 

 estimated to require 230,000 scientists and engineers by 1980 and 

 308,000 by 1985, compared with the employment of 141,000 in 1970.^ 

 (These estimates may be conservative in that they do not include the 



' The Demand for Scientific and Technical Manpower in Selected Energy-Related Industries, 1970- 

 85: A Methodology Applied to a Selected Scenario of Energy Output. A Summary, National Planning 

 Association, September 1974. 



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