74 



BIOLOGICAL REPORT 31 



Table 4.1 2. (continued) 



Species 



Status 



Lepidoptera (butterflys and moths) 



Fixsenia Ontario (northern hanstreak butterfly) 

 Speyena idalia (regal fritillary butterfly) 

 Abagrotis crumbi banjamini (coastal heathland cutworm) 

 Apharetra purpurea (blueberry sallow moth) 

 Bagisara rectifascia (straight lined mallow moth) 

 Catocala herodias gerhardi (Gerhard's underwind moth) 

 Cicinnus melscheimen (Melscheimer's sack bearer moth) 

 Cingilia catenaria (chain dot geometer moth) 

 Hemileuca maia (barrens buckmoth) 

 Lithophane viridipallens (pale green pinion moth) 

 Metarranthis apiciaria (coastal swamp metarranthis moth) 

 Oligia hausta (northern brocade moth) 

 Papaipema stenocelis (chain fern borer moth) 

 Papaipema sulphurata (decodon stem borer moth) 



Special concern 

 Endangered 

 Special concern 

 Threatened 

 Special concern 

 Threatened 

 Threatened 

 Special concern 

 Threatened 

 Special concern 

 Special concern 

 Special concern 

 Special concern 

 Threatened 



'Indicates species is federally listed as same status (US Fish and Wildlife Service 1994) 



a series of islands off the northeastern coast of the 

 United States, from New York to Maine, and has 

 smaller numbers of individuals extending as far as 

 the Canadian Maritime Provinces; the second 

 breeds on islands in the Caribbean Sea region 



- ! \ 



(**> 







Fig. 4.11. The piping plover {Charadrius meiodus) 

 Photo by D. Goehringer 



extending from the Florida Keys and the Bahamas 

 to the Lesser Antilles. Buzzards Bay represents an 

 important locale for this species; approximately 60% 

 of the northeast population nests on Bird Island in 

 Buzzards Bay ( l ,650 nesting pairs in 1 984; U.S. 

 Fish and Wildlife Service 1 989; B. Blodgett. Mas- 

 sachusetts Natural Heritage and Endangered Spe- 

 cies Program, personal communication). As is true 

 for the piping plover, the roseate tern population 

 was significantly decreased in the late 1 800's be- 

 cause of hunting associated with the millinery trade. 

 The Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1 9 1 8 facilitated 

 recovery of this species in the northeast to about 

 8,500 nesting pairs by the 1930"s; however, the 

 population decreased to roughly 2.500 pairs by 

 1 977 because of increased numbers of nesting her- 

 ring gulls and great black-backed gulls and increased 

 human activities (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 

 1 989). Extensive efforts have been undertaken to 

 increase the species" nesting population and to ex- 

 pand the breeding range through a recovery pro- 

 gram for the northeastern population. The goals of 

 this program are to increase the species' nesting 

 population to 5,000 pairs within at least six colo- 

 nies in its current northeast range and hopefully ef- 

 fect an ultimate return to 1930's levels (U.S. Fish 

 and Wildlife Service 1989). 



