b. Horizontal 



1. Surface gravity waves (Meters to hundreds of meters) 



2. Internal waves (Tens to hundreds of meters) 



3. Estuarine Plumes (Kilometers cross-plume axis to tens of kilometers down 

 plume axis) 



4. Fronts 



a. Shelf Slope (Hundreds of meters cross axis and tens of kilometers to 

 hundreds of kilometers along axis) 



b. Gulf Stream Front (Tens of kilometers cross axis to hundreds of 

 kilometers along axis) 



5. Subinertial Frequency Synoptic Scale (Wind Driven Currents) Tens to a hundred 

 kilometers cross-shelf and hundreds of kilometers alongshelf 



TEMPORAL 



1. Surface Gravity Waves (Seconds) 



2. Internal Waves (Minutes to hours) 



3. Bottom Boundary Layer Mixing (Minutes to tens of hours) 



4. Surface Layer Mixing (Hours to days) 



5. Estuarine Circulation (Hours to days) 



6. Wind Driven Currents (Hours to days) 



7. Shelf Slope Front (Hours to days) 



8. Gulf Stream Front (Days to weeks to months) 



9. Seasonal Cycles - all of the above 



10. Interannual Cycles - all of the above 



METHODS AND PLATFORMS 



Cross-shelf arrays are needed to evaluate both the along and cross-shelf transport. The 

 arrays extend from 5 meter depths out to 3000 meters. Moorings are required along the shelf 

 break in the alongshore direction, to evaluate transport of shelf, shelf-slope and Gulf Stream 

 waters and carbon into or out of the study region. Norfolk Canyon, north of the Cape Hatteras 

 confluence will be instrumented as will Hatteras Canyon to determine the relative importance of 

 such features in regions of different boundary current effects and shelf environments. 



A mooring array was designed to answer questions relative to those physical processes, 

 which are believed to affect the distribution of organic carbon within the system, and to measure 

 directly sources and sinks of carbon either into or out of the system. Bottom tripods addressed 

 benthic, bottom boundary layer processes. Meteorological buoys, each with an upperocean 

 electromagnetic (E-M) current meter attached, would be used to quantify air- sea momenta and 

 buoyancy exchanges in this meteorologically complex domain. Coastal wind and sealevel will 

 be obtained from National Climate Data Center (NCDC) and the National Ocean Survey (NOS). 

 Here the Gulf Stream effects component of the DOE-Atmospheric Radiation Monitoring (ARM) 



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