Table of Contents 



List of Tables iii 



List of Figures iii 



Executive Summary v 



I. Introduction 1 



Personnel 1 



Funding 1 



II. Amendments to the Marine Mammal Protection Act and Related Legislation 3 



Marine Mammal Protection Act 3 



Endangered Species Act 5 



Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act 7 



III. Species of Special Concern 9 



Florida Manatee 9 



Hawaiian Monk Seal 19 



Steller Sea Lion 29 



Harbor Seals in Alaska 35 



Northern Fur Seal 38 



Pacific Walrus 43 



Sea Otter 49 



Northern Right Whale 56 



Humpback Whale 62 



Bowhead Whale 67 



Gray Whale 70 



Vaquita 73 



Gulf of Maine/Bay of Fundy Harbor Porpoise 76 



Beluga Whale 83 



Polar Bear 86 



IV. Marine Mammal-Fisheries Interactions 89 



Implementation of the New Incidental-Take Regime for Commercial Fisheries 89 



The Tuna-Dolphin Issue 99 



Pinniped-Fishery Interactions 109 



The Gulf of Maine Ecosystem 113 



V. International Aspects of Marine Mammal Protection and Conservation 115 



The Compendium of Treaties and International Agreements 115 



Improving Management of Marine Living Resources 116 



International Whaling Commission 120 



Conservation and Protection of Marine Mammals in the Southern Ocean 126 



Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of 



Wild Fauna and Flora 137 



