VI . Impacts of Marine Debris 118 



Background 118 



Domestic Activities in 1989 120 



International Activities in 1989 126 



VII. Marine Mammal/Fisheries Interactions 136 



The Tuna-Porpoise Issue 136 



The Dall's Porpoise Issue 150 



High Seas Driftnet Fisheries 151 



Interactions off Alaska 157 



Other Problem Fisheries 160 



VIII . Marine Mammal Management in Alaska 162 



Background 162 



Species Management and Conservation Plans 164 



Alaska Sea Otters 165 



Polar Bears 166 



Pacific Walrus 168 



Federal Marking and Tagging Regulations 168 



Litigation 169 



IX. Outer Continental Shelf Oil, Gas, and Mineral 



Development 173 



Proposed Oil & Gas Lease Sales 173 



Five-Year OCS Oil & Gas Leasing Program 175 



Alaska OCS Mining Program 176 



The Minerals Management Service's 



Environmental Studies Program 177 



X. Research and Studies Program 182 



Survey of Federally-Funded Marine 



Mammal Research 182 



Research Program Reviews, Workshops, and 



Planning Meetings 183 



Commission-Sponsored Research and 



Study Pro j ects 184 



XI . Marine Mammals in Captivity 195 



Animal Welfare Act Amendments 197 



National Environmental Policy Act 199 



XII. Permit Process 200 



Application Review 200 



Permit System Review 201 



Issues Concerning Lethal Take for 



Public Display 203 



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