I-A-4 



Marshall, H.L. 1974. Irregularly-flooded marsh. Pages 150-170 in 



H.T. Odum, B.J. Copeland, and E.A. McMahan, eds.. Coastal ecosystems of 

 the United States, Vol. 2. The Conservation Foundation, Washington, D.C. 



In the southeastern United States, there is a special type of 

 salt marsh that is only irregularly flooded with salt water and 

 is composed mainly of a tall dark rush, Juncus roemerianus . 

 Along the south Atlantic and Gulf coasts, irregularly flooded salt 

 marshes are usually dominated by J^. roemerianus at lower elevations 

 and by Spartina patens and Distich! is spicata at higher elevations. 

 These marshes are usually best developed in areas behind barrier 

 islands and away from inlets, along the fringes of large brackish 

 embayments, and along the lower reaches of creeks and rivers. 



Good examples of this type of marsh are seen in the Pamlico Sound 

 area of North Carolina, from Cedar Keys to Apalachee Bay in Florida, 

 and near the mouth of the Mississippi River. Studied examples from 

 each of three areas are discussed: Bodie Island, North Carolina; 

 Live Oak Point, Florida; and New England. 



A summary of recent research on J^. roemerianus is presented, including 

 notes on distribution, habitat factors, vertical range, morphology and 

 growth patterns, and seasonal patterns. Marsh animals, primary productivity, 

 the role of Juncus , and stresses imposed by man are also included. (B.W. 

 and author's introduction) 



Keywords: salt marsh, marsh grasses, marsh animals, primary 

 productivity, U.S. South Atlantic and Gulf coasts. 

 New England, Juncus , Spartina , Distichlis 



I-A-5 



Kuenzler, E.J. 1974. Mangrove swamp systems. Pages 346-371 i_n H.T. Odum, 



B.J. Copeland, and E.A. McMahan, eds., Coastal Ecological Systems of 



the United States, Vol. 3. The Conservation Foundation, Washington, D.C. 



Mangrove swamps on some coasts may be only a narrow fringe whereas 

 elsewhere they may spread many miles inland along tidal rivers. 

 The swamps are distinct vegetational zones dominated by a few species 

 of moderately large evergreen trees. Mangrove trees so dominate 

 the swamp and have such interesting properties that the autecology of 

 the trees themselves is fairly well known, but the ecology of associated 

 plants and animals and the energetics of the whole ecosystem are not 

 yet thoroughly understood. 



The report discusses mangrove ecological systems, including the 

 distribution, ecology, physiology, geological role, and human use 



