II-C-15 



Riley, G.A. 1956. Production and utilization of organic matter — oceanography 

 of Long Island Sound. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection 

 15:324-344. 



The observed distribution of oxygen and phosphate was used to 

 calculate the net biological rates of change of these elements on a 

 seasonal basis. With the aid of experimental data and some arbitrary 

 assumptions, the net changes were converted to estimates of total plant 

 production and utilization of organic matter by various components 

 of the marine association. 



The total annual fixation of carbon by photosynthesis is estimated 

 to be about 470 g/m^. Over half of it is consumed in phytoplankton 

 respiration. Of the estimated 205 g C/m^ available for the remainder 

 of the population, 26 percent appears to be used by that part of the 

 zooplankton taken with a No. 10 net, 43 percent by microzooplankton 

 and bacteria in the water column, and 31 percent by the benthic 

 fauna and flora. 



Although plankton concentrations are large. Long Island Sound does 

 not appear to be superior in total productivity to adjacent open coastal 

 waters. Findings indicate that phytoplankton production in Long 

 Island Sound is at least twice as great as that in the English Channel, 

 but it appears to be used less efficiently by the animal population. 

 (A.A.) 



Keywords: productivity, marine organisms, detritus, plankton. Long Island 



D. Mangrove, Coastal Swamp, and Seagrass Productivity Studies 



II-D-1 



Golley, F.B., H.T. Odum, and R.F. Wilson. 1962. The structure and metabolism 

 of a Puerto Rican red mangrove forest in May. Ecology 43:9-19. 



One major community type little studied from the functional viewpoint 

 is the tropical mangrove swamp. This study reports measurements of 

 structure and metabolism for a representative red mangrove community 

 of the terrestrial type on the southern shores of Puerto Rico. The 

 study forest had not been disturbed since 1954 and was representative 

 of other red mangrove forests in Puerto Rico. 



Various methodologies were described which tended to quantify environ- 

 mental properties, vegetational structure, animal densities, and the 

 metabolism of principal components. A metabolic budget for one average 

 day in May was compiled. 



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