nutrients and organic matter undoubtedly are the primary factors 

 that result in Louisiana's high fishery production. (H.D.) 



Keywords: nutrients, estuarine systems, fisheries, river discharges, 

 coastal marsh, Louisiana 



III-D-9 



Haines, E,B. 1975. Nutrient inputs to the coastal zone: the Georgia 



and South Carolina shelf. Pages 303-324 j_n L.E. Cronin, ed., Estuarine 



research, Vol. 1. Academic Press, New York. 



The concept of "outwelling" of nutrients from salt-marsh estuaries 

 to coastal waters as proposed by E.P. Odum is evaluated for the Georgia 

 and South Carolina shelf. The distribution of inorganic nutrients, 

 particulate organic carbon, and chlorophyll a^ was determined in shelf 

 waters between Charleston, South Carolina, and Fernandina Beach, Florida. 

 Nearshore, lower salinity waters were enriched in phosphate, organic 

 carbon, and chlorophyll a_, but contained little nitrate or ammonia. 

 A budget of the nitrogen influx from terrestrial discharge, intrusion 

 of nutrient-rich deep water at the edge of the shelf, and precipitation 

 was calculated for the shelf area studied. The annual nitrogen input 

 was less than five percent of the calculated yearly uptake of nitrogen 

 by primary producers on the shelf, suggesting that regeneration is the 

 most important factor in maintaining high rates of production in the 

 coastal waters of Georgia and South Carolina. (A. A.) 



Keywords: nutrient outwelling, salt marsh, estuaries, Georgia, 

 South Carolina 



III-D-10 



Ketchum, B.H. 1967. Phytoplankton nutrients in estuaries. Pages 329-335 



i£G.H. Lauff, ed.. Estuaries. American Association for the Advancement 



of Science, Washington, D.C. 



This paper provides a brief review of the comparative effectiveness 

 of various sources of enrichment in estuaries. It also suggests how it 

 may be possible to identify different sources of water and evaluates 

 the contribution of each source to the fertility of the estuary. 



Fertilization of estuaries is achieved in three main ways: (1) river 

 waters leach plant nutrients from the soil and carry a constant supply 

 through the estuary; (2) pollution, either locally within the estuary 

 or indirectly through the river, may enrich the waters and increase 

 productivity; and (3) the subsurface countercurrent, which is a unique 

 characteristic of many estuarine circulations, may enrich the estuary 

 when the sea water is drawn from below the euphotic zone where nutrient 



116 



