II-A-9 



Lugo, A.E., and S.C. Snedaker. 1974. The ecology of mangroves. Pages 39-64 



jm R.F. Johnson ed.. Annual review of ecology and systematics. Vol. 5. 



Annual Reviews, Inc., Palo Alto, California. 



This article offers a comprehensive review of studies related to 

 the productivity of mangroves and their utilization in the food 

 chain. The article also covers structural studies and the man- 

 grove ecosystem responses to stress. A table summarizes productivity 

 values derived from the various Floridian and Puerto Rican mangrove 

 studies that are discussed in the text. Ninety-seven works are cited 

 in the list of references., (J^B.) _ _ 



Keywords: mangrove, productivity, food chain, Florida, Puerto Rico 



II-A-10 



Walker, R.A. 1973. Wetlands preservation and management on Chesapeake 



Bay: the role of science in natural resource policy. Coastal Zone 



Management Journal 1(1):75-101. 



There are five primary food sources for estuarine organisms: marsh 

 detritus, phytoplankton, benthic algae, submerged vegetation, detritus 

 from upland sources. The relative importance of these sources varies 

 widely from estuary to estuary and should not be generalized. The popular 

 view of the input value of marshes derives from studies in the warm, 

 shallow, marsh embayments of Georgia. However, in a deeper estuary such 

 as Beaufort Bay, North Carolina, submerged grasses and their attached 

 algae are the dominant production groups. In Chesapeake Bay, unlike 

 either the North Carolina or Georgia study areas, upland drainage 

 is extremely important and marshes are a relatively smaller part of 

 the ecosystem. 



Wetlands preservation has become a favorite cause of conservationists. 

 Protection of wetlands is justified primarily on the grounds of their 

 beneficial biological and hydrological effects, so it is to the physical 

 sciences that government and the public turn for the formulation of 

 management policies. However, scientific knowledge cannot be translated 

 directly into good resource policy for society. Despite growing 

 scientific sophistication, man is limited in his ability to understand 

 and to predict the effects of man-induced change on natural systems, 

 especially ones as complex as the Chesapeake Bay and its associated 

 wetlands. 



Moreover, an obsession with the exploration of physical processes 

 obscures the more important task of understanding and controlling the 

 social processes that lead man to alter nature. Natural resource 



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