FI: Finnish 

 FR: French 

 GE: German 



With few exceptions, the foreign language common names are those in the 

 widest use in the ornithological literature of the countries indicated. In 

 several instances we have included transliterated names from languages in which 

 Roman characters are not used (Japanese, Russian). For Japanese names we have 

 relied on Austin and Kuroda (1953) and for Russian names we have supplied the 

 names used in translations of Dement 'ev and Gladkov (1952). 



A major reason for providing these alternative names is to assist future 

 literature searches based on retrieval of citations by computer. In both the 

 Old and New World literature, species treated in a paper are sometimes indicated 

 in the title only by the vernacular names which are often used as keywords in 

 computer retrieval systems. In addition, some of the English translations of 

 foreign language names (which are those entered on computers) imply a different 

 species than the name would normally suggest to a reader of English or cannot 

 be readily associated with an English name. As a result, searches of computer 

 literature systems by scientific name alone may fail to indicate important notes 

 or papers that document recent changes in distribution. 



We supply alternative scientific names widely or recently in use as another 

 aid to searches of literature compiled on computers. The Caspian Tern appears 

 in recent literature as Sterna caspia , Sterna tschegrava , Hydroprogne tschegrava , 

 and Hydroprogne caspia , as well as with caspius as a variant of the specific 

 epithet. One computer search we made revealed no less than four different lists 

 of titles when each scientific name was used as a keyword. Such differences in 

 taxonomic usage might well cause confusion when computer-based retrieval of or- 

 nithological information is attempted for a wide geographic area. On the other 

 hand, when the translated foreign name is one of widespread use in English speak- 

 ing countries we have not bothered to list it. 



In some instances we have listed more than one vernacular name for a for- 

 eign language; this is particularly true for Spanish, in which vernacular names 

 may vary considerably from area to area. The means by which this report was 

 produced precluded a highly accurate rendering of foreign words which incorpo- 

 rate characters or accents not available in our production process. As a re- 

 sult, there are lapses in our orthography, particularly for Icelandic and the 

 Scandinavian tongues. 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION 



This section is divided into two parts, one giving occurrence in North Amer- 

 ica, the other occurrence elsewhere in the world. Most of this information was 

 taken from standard distributional works, but we supplemented this material 

 where possible with more recent literature. Breeding and wintering ranges are 

 emphasized in this section, with less information given on areas of occurrence 

 during migration; material relating to North America is more detailed and more 

 complete than for other areas of the world. 



