OLDS QU AW 

 ( Clangula hyemalis ) 



[DA: Haulit, DU: Useend , EN: Long-tailed Duck, Sea Pintail; FI: Alii, FR: 

 Canard de Miquelon, GE: Eisente , JA: Korigamo, NW: Hauelle, PO: Lodowka , RU: 

 (Marine Duck), SP: Alfagel] 



GENERAL DISTRIBUTION 



North America In North America the Oldsquaw breeds in the Aleutian Islands 

 and Arctic Alaska east across the Arctic coast of Canada to southeastern Labra- 

 dor and the eastern panhandle of Quebec. It breeds north to northern Ellesmere 

 Island and the coasts of Greenland and south to the northern and extreme western 

 Yukon, northern and eastern Northwest Territories, northeastern Manitoba, the 

 coast and islands of James and Hudson bays, and in northern Quebec (Godfrey 1966, 

 Palmer 1976b). 



The principal wintering grounds of the Oldsquaw in North America lie to 

 the north of the southeastern states. Only in North Carolina is it common. In 

 western North America, wintering Oldsquaw are found from St. Lawrence Island and 

 the Aleutian Islands south along the Pacific coast to the Washington and Oregon 

 border, occasionally to southern California (AOU 1957, Palmer 1976b); most win- 

 ter in the Bering Sea (Bellrose 1976). Along the Atlantic seaboard, Oldsquaws 

 are found from southern Greenland, Labrador, and Newfoundland, south to Chesa- 

 peake Bay, and rarely to Florida (AOU 1957, Palmer 1976b). In this area the 

 largest concentrations found in 1972 occurred from Delaware Bay to the lower 

 Chesapeake Bay (Bellrose 1976). Small numbers winter along the Gulf coast; 

 there, the species is apparently most abundant in the northern Gulf. Oldsquaws 

 also winter in the interior of North America, chiefly on the Great Lakes, and 

 irregularly on other lakes and rivers south to Colorado, Utah, Texas, Kentucky, 

 and Tennessee (AOU 1957). 



World Distribution In the Old World, this duck breeds in the northern 

 Palearctic from Iceland, Spitsbergen, and Scandinavia to the tundra of Russia 

 and Siberia, and on the islands of the Bering Sea ( BOU 1971). In eastern Eur- 

 asia, the Oldsquaw breeds south to about 60° N in the interior of the Scandi- 

 navian peninsula. Some breed at about this latitude in southern Finland but 

 most of the breeding population occurs north of 65° N (Cramp et al. 1977). 



Wintering Oldsquaw in the Old World are found largely at sea and occur in 

 the breeding range south to northern France and the Baltic, Caspian, and Black 

 seas (AOU 1957, BOU 1971, Cramp et al. 1977). In Asia these ducks winter south 

 to Japan and Korea, largely in coastal areas (Vaurie 1965, Cramp et al. 1977). 



DISTRIBUTION IN THE COASTAL SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES 



North Carolina According to Pearson et al. (1942) and Wray and Davis 

 (1959), the Oldsquaw is a common winter resident in North Carolina, found raost- 



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