272 CARDIIDyE. 



newer pliocene deposit from the Belfast bed (Grainger) 

 to the Caithness boulder-clay (Peach), and also in the 

 Red Crag. Var. 1. Exmouth Ullapool and Lerwick 

 (J. G. J.) j Dublin Bay (Warren). Var. 2. Barmouth 

 and Shetland (J. G. J.j ; Inverary (M'Nab). The last 

 variety resembles in many respects the C. elegantulum of 

 Moller, and the C. strigilliferum, a Coralline Crag shell. 

 In two of my specimens some of the spines are vaulted 

 as in C. elegantulum. That species inhabits Greenland, 

 Iceland, and Finniark. The geographical range of C. 

 echinatum is very extensive. Fabricius has recorded it 

 from Greenland, Landt from the Faroe Isles, Loven 

 and others from Scandinavia, De Gerville and others 

 from the North of France, Risso and others from the 

 Mediterranean, Chiereghini from the Adriatic, Forbes 

 from the iEgean, and M 'Andrew from Vigo, Madeira, 

 and the Canaries. 



O. F. Miiller says that the animal seems to be little 

 else than a huge foot. The coloured points, which stud 

 the orifices of the tubes (and also, according to the last- 

 named author, the margin of the mantle), may be ana- 

 logous to the " eyes " of a scallop. The largest British 

 specimens I have measure a trifle more than two inches 

 and three quarters in length. Those from the south of 

 Europe are much smaller. Sometimes the shell is par- 

 tially coated with a ferruginous deposit. 



This common species was first described by Ronde- 

 letius as " Concha echinata ;" and although the specific 

 name was accompanied by expletives, and is pre-Linnean, 

 it has survived the changes consequent on the institution 

 of the binomial system. The young is the Cardium 

 ciliare of Pennant, C. parvum of Da Costa, and C. spatula 

 of Solander. 



