296 CARDTID^E. 



at Breydon, near Great Yarmouth, containing what he 

 considers " redeposited " Crag shells. Its foreign habi- 

 tation comprises the Faroe Isles, Finmark, and all the 

 intervening coasts to the iEgean, Madeira, and the Ca- 

 naries. 



Specimens which I dredged in Bantry Bay mea- 

 sure about 3 inches in length, and nearly as much in 

 breadth. Single valves found by Sars in Christiansund 

 are of the same dimensions ; and some living specimens 

 taken by Martin in the Gulf of Lyons are scarcely in- 

 ferior in size. It is the ' ' large high-beaked cockle " 

 of Wallis, and the " smooth cockle " of Pennant. 



This shell was for a long time considered by British 

 authors to be the C. laevigatwn of Linne ; but his very 

 short description in the Catalogue of the museum of 

 Queen Louisa Ulrica (upon which that in the twelfth 

 edition of the ' Systema Naturae ' was founded) states the 

 colour as reddish spotted with white > a character inap- 

 plicable to the present species. No locality is given ; 

 and there are several allied species in the same section, 

 any one of which might have been intended by Linne. 

 Our shell was more probably his C. serratum, as well as 

 Lamarck's species of that name. It would have been 

 strange if Linne did not know this common shell. How- 

 ever, the name proposed by Spengler is now generally 

 accepted. It is the Pectunculus maximus &c. of Lister, 

 C, crassum of Gmelin, C. oblongum of Brown (but not 

 of Chemnitz) as well as of Reeve, and also the C. Pen- 

 nantii and C. vitellinum of the last-named writer. The 

 C. medium of Turton (but not of Linne) is the fry of 

 C. Norvegicum, judging from his typical specimen. The 

 genus Lavicardium of Swainson represents this section 

 of Cardium, the synonymy of which is sadly confused. 



C. muricatum and C. medium of Linne, C. citrinum 



