CONTENTS 



Page 



Letter of Transmittal m 



Letter of Submittal v 



Contents vn 



I. Introduction 1 



II. Science and the Federal Government Prior to 1940 5 



Government Support of Science 6 



Smithsonian Institution 6 



National Academy of Sciences 7 



The Allison Commission 7 



Impact of World War I 7 



University Support of Science 9 



Industrial Research Laboratories 10 



Private Foundations and the Support of Science 11 



Science Policy During the 1920's 11 



Science Policy During the 1930's 12 



Science Advisory Board 12 



National Resources Committee 13 



Summary 14 



III. Science During World War II 15 



Office of Scientific Research and Development 16 



The Manhattan Project 19 



Funding Mechanisms and the Legacy of World War II 19 



Military Research 20 



Meeting Postwar Scientific Personnel Needs 20 



Congress and Science Policy 21 



The Bush Report 21 



IV. The Politics of Postwar Science Policy, 1945-1950 25 



The Continuing Debate Over NSF 25 



Science Policy Under President Truman 27 



The Atomic Energy Commission 27 



The National Institutes of Health 29 



Veto of 1947 NSF Legislation 30 



The Steelman Report 30 



Miutary Support of Basic Research 32 



Summary 34 



V. The National Science Foundation and the Solidification of Ameri- 

 can Science Policy, 1950-1957 35 



Creation of the National Science Foundation 35 



NSF's Science Policy Responsibilities 37 



Impact of the Cold War and Korean War on Science Policy 38 



Summary 39 



VI. Sputnik and its Aftermath, 1957-1965 41 



Impact of Sputnik 41 



Congressional Response to Sputnik 42 



Space committees established 43 



National Defense Education Act 43 



Department of Science and Technology proposed 44 



Science Poucy Under President Eisenhower 45 



President's Science Advisory Committee (PSAC) 46 



Federal Council for Science and Technology 46 



Science Poucy Under President Kennedy 47 



Congress and Science Poucy 48 



Eluott Committee 49 



Daddario Subcommittee 50 



(VII) 



