Our Living Resources — hiclex 



529 



western duck disease. 401 



western flycatcher {Empidonax diflicihs). 466 



western gull itarus occidetUolis). 45 



western juniper {Jiinipeni.s occidentaiis). 223. 3 1 ? 



western kingbird (Tyrannus vcriicali\). 2(1. 2W 



Western Managemcnl Unit, mourning doves, 72 



western meadowlark iSfuniclla nc\:lfcra). 21. 22, 291, 299. 303, 



303 

 western mosquitofish [Gambusia ufftnis). -132. 441 

 western pond turtle iClemmys marmoratii). //y, 466 

 western rattlesnake (Crotahis viridis). 327 

 western sandpiper {Calidris mauri). 59. 62 

 western screech-owl iOfus kennicoUu). 67 

 western slender glass lizard lOfluMuirus aiif/iKaiiis), 231 

 western tanager {Puango huioviciaua). 20 

 western terrestnal garter snake ( Thamnophis clci^ans), 1 33 

 western toad {Bufo boreas). 125. 327. 321^ 

 western United States. See alsft Interior West 



rare terrestrial ecological comniunities. 220 



riparian ecosystems, 285-91 



suhaipine forests. 314-17 



vascular plants. 202 

 western while pine iPi/uts nionluola). -30, 421 

 western wood-pewee {Confopiis sordididus). 20 

 western yellowjacket wasp ( Ve.spuUi pen.sylvatuca). 366 

 West Indies spiny lobster (PanuUrus ar^us). 283 

 westslope cutthroat trout iOncorhynchus clarki lewisi), in Glacier 

 National Park, 153-54 

 wet deposition. 228 

 wetland loss 



avian diseases and. 4f)3-4 



canvasback ducks and. 4 1 -42 



causes of. 217 



Gulfof Mexico. 269-72 



habitat change. 236-38 



mapping and. 462 



Prairie Pothole region, duck population and. 36-37 



responses to. 473-74 



shorebirds and, 60, 63-64 



southern forested wetlands. 216-17 



wetlands dynamics and. 474-75 

 Wetland Reserve Program, 217 

 wetlands. 473-75 



Chesapeake Bay. 264 



classification. 290-91 



descriptions and definitions, 474 



distribution and abundance. 474 



dynamics. 474-75 



Emergency Wetlands Resources Act of 1986, 473 



functions and values. 475 



future of, 475 



mapping, 271-72, 462, 474 



National Wetlands Inventory, 4, 5, 207, 270. 290. 462, 463. 474. 



475 



palustrine. 216 



purple loosestrife (Lyihruin salictniu). 458-59 



in regulated Great Lakes. 247-49 



restoration. 217 



shorebirds and. 61 



size estimates, 216 



southern forested. 216-17 



southwestern, bullfrog {Rana catesheiana) in, 452-53 



trends. 291 



vascular plants, 207 



vegetation, 474. 475 



water levels and, 247-49 

 Wetlands Protection Act ( 1984) (Flonda). 128 

 whale, 95-96 



beaked, 94 



bowhead {Balaena mvsticetus), 95. 96 



fin. 94, 95 



grey {Eschrichtius rohuslus), 95 



humpback, 94. 95 



Native American harvesting rules, 95 



northern right. 94. 95 



pilot, 94 



right {Euhidaena g!acialis\. 95-96 



white [Delplunapjerus leucas). 351 

 Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge. 413 

 whimbrel [Niimenius phaeopus), 59, 59. 62 

 whipsnake. striped [Masticophis lueniatus). 327 

 whiptail lizard 



Cnemidophorus sp., 326 



orange -throated (Cnemidophorus hyperythrus). 466 



South American (Cnemidophorus lemniscauts). 434 

 whiskered screech-owl (Ouis irichopsis), 67 

 whistling ducks {Dendrocygna spp.). 35 

 whitebark pine {Pinu\ alhicaulis). 313, 314, 315 



ecosystem. 213. 228-30 

 whitebark rabbitbrush (Chrysothamnu.K visidiflorus). 226 

 white bass iMorone chnwops). 261. 263. 432 

 whitebelly spinner. 95 

 white birds-in-a-nesl {Macbruiea alba), 401 

 white catfish (Ameiurus talus). 261 , 262. 432 

 white cedar, Atlantic (Chamaecypuris rhyoides), bogs. 2i6 

 white crappie iPomoxis annularis), 261, 432 

 while croaker (Gcnytmenui.s lineaUjs). 409, 41 1 

 while-crowned sparrow (Zonolrichia leucophrys), 21. 22 

 while death-camas (Zigadenus elegans), 231 

 white-eared pocket mouse (Perognathus allicola), 466 

 white-eye, Japanese (Zosterops japoniciis). 374 

 white-eyed vireo (Vireo griseus). 20 

 while-faced ibis (Piegadis chihi). 54. 55 

 white fir (Abies concolor), 321, 421 

 whitefish, 179 



broad (Coregonus nasus). 337, 341. 342 



lake (Coregonus clupeafonnis). 432 



mounlain (Pro.sopiuni \\'i!!uuns<mi). 150 

 white-fronted goose 



greater (Anser albifrons frontalis). 30, 31. 33 



lule (Anser albifrons gambeli). 30, 31 

 white-haired goidenrod (Solidago albopilosa). 401 

 white heelsplitler (Lasmigona complatuUa coniplanata). ISO 

 white ibis (Eudocimus albus), 19. 54. 55 

 whiletine topminnow [Fundulus albolinealus). 146 

 white pelican, 44 



American (Pelecamts erylhrorhynchos), 19, 53. 54 

 white perch (Morone americana), 261, 262, 432, 443 

 white phlox fiower moth (Schuua indiana). 232 

 white pine 



Pinus slrobus. 225 



western (Pinus monticola). 230. 421 

 white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicoUi). 229 

 White River speckled dace (Rhuuchlhys o.\cuhis ssp.), 150 

 White River spinedace (Lepidomeda albivalUs), 143, 150 

 White River springfish (Crenichihys baileyi baileyi), 143, 150 

 White River sucker (Caloslomus clarki intermedius), 143, 150 

 white-rumped sandpiper (Calidn's fuscicollis), 59. 62 

 whitesided dolphin. 94 

 white sturgeon (Acipenser (ransmontanus) 



Columbia River Basin, 154-56 



Kootenai River. 155 



Snake River. 156 

 white sucker {Cau^shmius commersoni). 151. 261, 262 

 white-tailed deer 



Odocoileus hemionus, 320 



Odocoileus virginianus. 93-94, 1 12-15, 320. 322. 405 

 white-tailed hawk (Buteo albicaudalus), 67 

 white-tailed kite (Elanus caemleus), 67 

 while-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys leucunis). 295 

 white-throated sparrow (Zonolrichia albicolUs), 21, 22 

 white-throated swift (Aeronaules s(L\alalis). 20 

 Whitewater River. Coachella Valley fringe-toed lizard population. 



1 37-38 

 white whale (Delphinapterus leucas). 351 

 white-winged crossbill (Loxia leucopiera), 21 

 white-winged dove iZenaida asiatica), 19 

 white-winged scoter (Melaniua fusca), 36 

 whooping crane (Grus americana) 



captive -reared. 405 



diseases related to translocation of. 407 

 widgeon grass (Ruppia maritima), 273, 274 

 wigeon, American (Anas americana), 35, 36, 266 

 wild blackberry (Rithus arguius), 206 

 wild burro (Equus asinus), 440. 441 



control of, 457 



on public lands, 456-57 

 wildcelery (Vallisneria americana). 42, 236, 237 

 wildflowers, climate change and, 390 

 Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act (Public Law 92-195). 



456 

 wild horse (Equus cabalhts), 440. 441 



control of. 457 



on public lands, 456-57 

 wild hyacinth (Camassia sciUoides), 231 

 wildlife moriality, organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides and, 



416-18 

 Wildlife Review, 405 



