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For further information: 



R. Michael Erwin 



National Biological Service 



Patuxent Environmental Science 



Center 



11410 Amencan Holly Dr 



Laurel. MD 20708 



The North American group of shorebirds 

 includes 48 kinds of sandpipers, plovers. 

 and their allies, many of which live for most of 

 the year in coastal marine habitats: others live 

 principally in nonniarine habitats including 

 grasslands, freshwater wetlands, and even sec- 

 ond-growth woodlands. Most North American 

 shorebirds are highly migratory, while others 

 are weakly migratory, or even nonmigratory in 

 some parts of their range. Here we discuss 

 shorebirds east of the 105th meridian (roughly 



east of the Rocky Mountains). Historically, 

 populations of many North American species 

 were dramatically reduced by e.xcessive gun- 

 ning (Forbush 1912). Most populations recov- 

 ered after the passage of the Migratory Bird 

 Treaty Act of 1918. although some species 

 never recovered and others have declined again. 

 High proportions of entire populations of 

 shorebirds migrate by visiting one or a small 

 number of "staging sites." areas where the birds 

 accumulate fat to provide fuel before continuing 



Shorebirds: 

 East of the 

 105th 

 Meridian 



