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For further information: 



Ronald W. Hodges 



Systematic Entomology Laboratory. 



USDA 



c/o National Museum of Natural 



History. MRC- 168 



Washington. DC 20560 



Grasshoppers (Orthoptera:Acri(iidael are 

 perhaps the most important grazing herbi- 

 vores in the nation's grasslands, which from a 

 human standpoint, are the most important 

 food-producing areas. The damage that 

 grasshoppers do to plants varies with the 

 species. A few dozen species at most are highly 

 injurious to crops, while those that feed on eco- 

 nomically unimportant plants may have no 

 measurable impact, and those that feed on detri- 

 mental plants are highly beneficial. Given such 

 differences, it becomes important to distinguish 

 properly between harmful and beneficial 

 species. Grasshopper abundance in all kinds of 

 grasslands means they are an important factor in 

 the ecological equation. Their economic impor- 

 tance — positive and negative — means that they 

 must be included in all studies of grassland and 

 desert-erassland communities. 



Sciences in Philadelphia (ANSP) reveal that 

 approximately 209c of the U.S. species repre- 

 sented in the e.xisting ANSP collection are 

 undescribed (Otte 1981; unpublished data). 

 Most new species belong to the very large genus 

 Mekmophis. which contains some of the most 

 injurious grasshopper species known. A consid- 

 erable number of undescribed species are from 

 the eastern states, from approximately central 

 Texas to New England. New species are turning 

 up even in extremely well-studied areas such as 

 Michigan and Florida. It is expected that at least 

 tens of species remain to be discovered in the 

 coastal ranges of California, and many other 

 mountain peaks in the western states should 

 have species unique to them. Much of the acad- 

 emy's collecting efforts have been directed to 

 investigating the grasshopper faunas of such 

 mountain peaks ("sky islands"). 



Grasshoppers 



by 



Daniel Otte 



Academy of Natural Sciences, 



Philadelphia 



Taxonomic Status 



Natural Range Increases 



More than 1,000 species of grasshoppers 

 have been described from the United States 

 (Otte 1976, 1994, unpublished data base). 

 Taxonomic revisions at the Academy of Natural 



Great Lakes Region 



Documenting natural range changes requires 

 that comparable collections be made at several 



