Our Living Resources — JiuUa 



517 



porpoise. 96 



harbor (Piwcoena phocoemi). W, 95, 96 

 Porzana 



Carolina (sora). 299 



palmeri (Laysan rail). 376. 380 



samhvichensis (Hawaiian rail). 376. 380 

 postsettlement conditions 



defined. 224 



rales of change. 227 

 Po hi mi! us 



ulatus (pink heelsplitter), /.S(^, /,S7. IS2 



ohiensis (pink papershell). I<SO 

 Polamopyrgus aiUip<>Jiinim (freshwater snail). 429 

 pothole margins, northern pintails and. 39 

 poultry, avian cholera. 402 

 poweshiek <>kipper iOansma poweshiek), 175 

 prairie. Sec also Great Plains 



bluestem. 472 



grania-tobosa. 472 



Great Plains. 295 



habitat loss. 174, 175 



tail-grass. 174-76.221 

 praine chicken {Tynipaniichus ciipiJo). 43S 

 pratne dog iC\ norms spp.). 106-8 



biack-tailed {Cynomys ludovicianus). 107 



ecosystem. 107-8 



white-tailed {Cynomys Icticitnis). 295 

 prairie falcon ifalco mc.\iciinu\), 67 

 praine fishes. 295. 303-5 

 Praine Pothole region 



duck nest success. 300-302 



duck population, 34, 36-37 

 praine smoke (Geum tnflorum). 210 

 Prenanthes boouii (Boott's rattlesnake -root), 394 

 presettlement conditions 



defined, 224 



rates of change. 227 

 Preston speckled dace (Rhinichthys osculus ssp.). 150 

 Preston spnngfish (Crenichthys haileyi alhivallis). 143, 150 

 prethroid compounds, \ynthetic, 415 

 Pribilof Islands, red-legged kittiwakc, 50 

 pnckly pear cactus (Opuntia), 321 

 Prince's Island. Cassin's auklet, 46 

 Prince William Sound. Alaska 



seabirds. 50. 51 



sea otter (Enhydra httris). 354. 355 

 Procyon loior (raccoon), 37. 41. 302. 406. 407. 417 

 productivity, birds. 23-26 

 Progne siibis (purple martin). 20. 39} 

 Promachus basfardii. 166 

 pronghom antelope 



Aniilocapra americana. 313, 320 



Mexican [Aniilocapra americana mexicana). 318 

 Proserpinus juanita (spinx moth), 174 

 Prosopium will i am soni {moxinmw whitefish). 150 

 Prostoia completa (stonetlyl. 185. 1S6 

 Proterhinus sp. (weevil). 367 

 protozoa. 252-54 



data on. 253 



disease reservoirs, 253 



ecological role of. 252-54 



environmental quality indicators. 253 



free-living, 252. 254' 



freshwater. 252 



Glugea hertwigi, 443 



growth and distribution of. 254 



heterotropic, 252-54 



marine. 252 



parasitic. 253 



soil-dwelling. 252 



symbiotic, 253 



water quality and, 253 

 Prudhoe Bay, anadromous fish, 341 

 Primus seroiina (black cherry). 228 

 Psaltriparus minimus (bushtit), 20 

 Psectraglaea camosa (owlet moth). 166. 167 

 Pseudemys 



alabamensis (Alabama red-bellied turtle). 119 



rubriventris (red-bellied turtle). 1 19 

 Pseudococcus calceolariae (citophilus mealybug). 160 

 Pseudonesior xanthrophrys (Maui parrotbill). 377 

 Pseudostylochus oslreophgus (flatworm). 429 

 Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir), 1 16. 193. 321 

 Psitnrostra psittacea Co'u), 377 



psoroptic scabies iPsoroptes spp,). 335 



ptendophytcs, 201 



Plerodroma phaeopxgui sandwichtnsis fdark-nnnped petrel). 377. 



379 

 Pteronarcys picleiii (sXontily). JS5. IS6 

 Pleropus mariannus (Mariana flying fox). 455 

 Plychobranchus fasciolaris (kidneyshell). 180 

 Prychochetlus lucius (Colorado squawfish). 150, 15! 

 Ptychoramphus aleuticus (Cassin's auklet), 46. 51 

 puaiohi (small Kauai thrush) {Myadestcs palmeri). 377. 380 

 public lands 



inventory and monitonng programs. 5 



land protection status. 463-64 



non-nalive species on. 440-42. 436-57 

 Public Laws 



92-195. Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Bunos Act. 456 



97-384. Coastal Bamer Resources Act ( 1982). 278 



100-233 (1985). "Swampbuster" provision. 217 



101-591. Coastal Bamer Improvement Act ( 1990). 278 



101-605. Marme Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act. 279 

 pueo (Hawaiian owl) iAsio flammeus sandwichensis). 377 

 Puerto Rican broad-winged hawk [Buleo platypterus brunnescens), 



67 

 Puerto Riean crested anole (Anolis cristellatus). 434 

 Puerto Rican parrot {Annizona vittata), 17, 83-85 

 Puerto Rican Panot Recovery Plan, 84 

 Puerto Rico. 83-85 



non-native birds, 439 

 puffball, 192 

 puffin 



Atlantic [Fralercula arctica), 55 



homed [Fraciercula coniiculaia), 51 



tufted {Fratercuh cirrhata). 46. 51 

 Puffimis newelii (Newell's shearwater), 377. 379 

 pumpkinseed sunfish {Lepomis gibbosus). 261 . 262, 419, 432 

 pupa elimia {Elimia pupaeformis), 251 

 pupfish 



desert 

 Cyprinodon macularius. 143 

 Cypnmnhm macularius macularius. 150 



Devils Hole (Cyprinodon diabolis). 143, 143 



Monkey Springs (Cyprinodon sp.), 150 

 purple finch iCarpodacus purpureus). 21 

 purple ioosestnfe [Lyihrum salicaria). 249. 429, 443. 444. 458-59 



controlling. 458-59 

 purple martin [Progne subis). 20. 39} 

 purple milkweed (Asclepias purpurascens). 231 

 purple sandpiper iCalidhs maritima). 59. 62 

 purple wartyback [Cyclonaias tuberculata). ISO 

 Pyganodon grandis (giant floater). 180 

 pygmy elimia (Elimia pygmaea), 251 

 pygmy madtom [Noiurus sianauli), 143 

 pygmy owl 



ferruginous (Glaucidium brasduuium cactorum), 67. 69 



northern [Glaucidium gnoma). 67 

 pygmy sunfish. spring (Elassoma sp.), 143 

 Pylodicris olivaris (flathead catfish), 151, 432 

 Pyramid Lake. Nevada, cui-ui [Chasmisies cujus). 323-24 

 pyramid slitshell [Gyrotoma pyramidata). 251 

 Pyreferra ceromalica (owlet moth), 166 

 Pynhuloxia (Cardinalis sinuatus), 20 



Quadrula 



pustulosa pustulosa (pimpleback). 180 



quadrula (mapleleaf). 180 

 quail 



California (Callipepla califomica). 19 



Gambel's [Callipepla gambelii). 19 



mountain (Oreortyx pictus). 19 



scaled (Callipepla squamata), 19 

 quaking aspen [Populus tremuloides). 313 

 queen conch [Slrombus gigas). 282 

 Quercus ilicifolia (scrub oak). 166, 167 

 Qui sea I us 



major (boat-tailed grackle), 21 



mexicanus {great-tailed grackle), 21 



quiscula (common grackle). 2L 299 



rabbit. Old World iOryctolagus cuniculus). 441 

 rabbitbnjsh. whitebark (Chrysothamnus visidiflorus), 226 

 rabies, transmission through raccoons (Procyon lotor). 406. 407 

 raccoon (Procyon lotor), 302, 417 



canvasback predation, 41 



duck nest success and, 37 



