180 HUMAN FOSSILS. in 



line, that of the skull of a Chimpanzee, drawn to 

 the same absolute size. 



Some time after the publication of the trans- 

 lation of Professor Schaaffhausen's Memoir, I was 

 led to study the cast of the Neanderthal cranium 

 with more attention than I had previously be- 

 stowed upon it, in consequence of wishing to sup- 

 ply Sir Charles Lyell with a diagram, exhibiting 

 the special peculiarities of this skull, as compared 

 with other human skulls. In order to . do this it 

 was necessary to identify, with precision, those 

 points in the skulls compared which corresponded 

 anatomically. Of these points, the glabella was 

 obvious enough; but when I had distinguished an- 

 other, defined by the occipital protuberance and 

 superior semicircular line, and had placed the out- 

 line of the Neanderthal skull against that of the 

 Engis skull, in such a position that the glabella 

 and* occipital protuberance of both were intersected 

 by the same straight line, the difference was so 

 vast and the flattening of the Neanderthal skull 

 so prodigious (compare Figs. 23 and 25 A), that I 

 at first imagined I must have fallen into some 

 error. And I was the more inclined to suspect 

 this, as, in ordinary human skulls, the occipital 

 protuberance and superior semicircular curved 

 line on the exterior of the occiput correspond 

 pretty closely with the " lateral sinuses " and the 

 line of attachment of the tentorium internally. 

 But on the tentorium rests, as I have said in the 



