vi THE ARYAN QUESTION. 287 



are replaced by short brunet broad-heads. The 

 ordinary Savoyard may be described in terms the 

 converse of those which apply to the ordinary 

 Swede. He is short, swarthy, dark-eyed, dark- 

 haired, and his skull is very broad. Between the 

 two extreme types, the one seated on the shores of 

 the North Sea and the Baltic, and the other on 

 those of the Mediterranean, there are all sorts of 

 intermediate forms, in which breadth of skull may 

 be found in tall and in short blond men, and in tall 

 brunet men. 



There is much reason to believe that the brunet 

 broad-heads, now met with in central France and 

 in the west central European highlands, have in- 

 habited the same region, not only throughout the 

 historical period, but long before it commenced; 

 and it is probable that their area of occupation was 

 formerly more extensive. For, if we leave aside 

 the comparatively late incursions of the Asiatic 

 races, the centre of eruption of the invaders of the 

 southern moiety of Europe has been situated in 

 the north and west. In the case of the Teutonic 

 inroads upon the Empire of Eome, it undoubtedly 

 lay in the area now occupied by the blond long- 



cephalic index is a number which expresses the relation 

 of the breadth to the length of a skull, taking the latter 

 as 100. Therefore " broad-heads " have the cephalic in- 

 dex above 80 and " long-heads " have it below 80. The 

 physiological value of the difference is unknown; its 

 morphological value depends upon the observed fact of the 

 constancy of the occurrence of either long skulls or broad 

 skulls among large bodies of mankind. 



