in THE FOSSIL SKULLS. 205 



of the Engis skull is quite unlike that of the typical 

 Australians. 



On the other hand, its measurements agree 

 equally well with those of some European skulls. 

 And assuredly, there is no mark of degradation 

 about any part of its structure. It is, in fact, a 

 fair average human skull, which might have be- 

 longed to a philosopher, or might have contained 

 the thoughtless brains of a savage. 



The case of the Neanderthal skull is very differ- 

 ent. Under whatever aspect we view this cranium, 

 whether we regard its vertical depression, the 

 enormous thickness of its supraciliary ridges, its 

 sloping occiput, or its long and straight squamosal 

 suture, we meet with ape-like characters, stamp- 

 ing it as the most pithecoid of human crania yet 

 discovered. But Professor Schaaffhausen states 

 {supra, p. 178), that the cranium, in its present 

 condition, holds 1033.24 cubic centimetres of 

 water, or about 63 cubic inches, and as the entire 

 skull could hardly have held less than an additional 

 12 cubic inches, its capacity may be estimated at 

 about 75 cubic inches, which is the average capac- 

 ity given by Morton for Polynesian and Hottentot 

 skulls. 



So large a mass of brain as this, would alone 

 suggest that the pithecoid tendencies, indicated by 

 this skull, did not extend deep into the organiza- 

 tion; and this conclusion is borne out by the di- 

 mensions of the other bones of the skeleton given 



