100 MAN AND THE LOWER ANIMALS. n 



The Mandrill presents a middle condition, the 

 arms and legs being nearly equal in length, and 

 both being shorter than the spinal column; while 

 hand and foot have nearly the same proportions to 

 one another and to the spine, as in Man. 



In the Spider Monkey (Ateles) the leg is longer 

 than the spine, and the arm than the leg; and, 

 finally, in that remarkable Lemurine form, the 

 Indri (Lichanotus), the leg is about as long as the 

 spinal column, while the arm is not more than J-J 

 of its length; the hand having rather less and the 

 foot rather more, than one third the length of the 

 spinal column. 



These examples might be greatly multiplied, 

 but they suffice to show that, in whatever propor- 

 tion of its limbs the Gorilla differs from Man, the 

 other Apes depart still more widely from the Go- 

 rilla and that, consequently, such differences of 

 proportion can have no ordinal value. 



AVe may next consider the differences presented 

 by the trunk, consisting of the vertebral column, 

 or backbone, and the ribs and pelvis, or bony hip- 

 basin, which are connected with it, in Man and in 

 the Gorilla respectively. 



In Man, in consequence partly of the disposi- 

 tion of the articular surfaces of the vertebra?, and 

 largely of the elastic tension of some of the fibrous 

 bands, or ligaments, the spinal column, as a whole, 

 has an elegant S-like curvature, being convex for- 



