METIIODS AND RESULTS OF ETHNOLOGY. 229 



are included), in fact, though they share the 

 straight black hair of the proper Americans, are 

 generally a duller complexioned, shorter, and a 

 more squat people, and they have still more promi- 

 nent cheek-bones. But the circumstance which 

 most completely separates them from the typical 

 Americans, is the form of their skulls, which in- 

 stead of being broad, high, and truncated behind, 

 are eminently long, usually low, and prolonged 

 backwards. These Hyperborean people clothe 

 themselves in skins, know nothing of pottery, and 

 hardly anything of metals. Dependent for exist- 

 ence upon the produce of the chase, the seal and 

 the whale are to them what the cocoa-nut tree and 

 the plantain are to the savages of more genial 

 climates. Not only are those animals meat and 

 raiment, but they are canoes, sledges, weapons, 

 tools, windows, and fire; while they support the 

 dog, who is the indispensable ally and beast of bur- 

 den of the Esquimaux. 



It is admitted that the Tchuktchi, on the east- 

 ern side of Behring's Straits, are, in all essential 

 respects, Esquimaux; and I do not know that there 

 is any satisfactory evidence to show that the Tun- 

 guses and Samoiedes do not essentially share the 

 same physical characters. Southward, there are 

 indications of Esquimaux characters among the 

 Japanese, and it is possible that their influence may 

 be traced yet further. 



However this may be, Eastern Asia, from Mant- 



